New paper out @Nature - why are males more vulnerable to severe infections (ex acute #COVID), while females suffer more from autoimmunity (SLE, MS etc and also #LongCovid)? sex chromosomes or hormones?

Here we studied adaptation of human immune systems to gender-affirming testosterone treatment in trans-men assigned female sex at birth: nature.com/articles/s4158… 2/6 This longstanding collab w Nils Landegren @UU_University started 2016 and was led by the amazing @LkanthTadepally (experiments), @FabianSardh (coordination) and data analysis by @RikardForlin and former postdoc @consiglio_cr . We are deeply indebted to patients and clinical colleagues.

🚨New paper alert! Restrained memory CD8+ T cell responses favors viral persistence and elevated IgG responses in patients with severe #LongCOVID a thread 1/6.medrxiv.org/content/10.110… 2/6. To maximise our chances of understanding mechanisms of disease we enrolled the 121 most severe cases among >1000 patients screened.

Brilliant special issue @ScienceMagazine science.org/doi/10.1126/sc…. I discuss the establishment of immune-microbe interactions early in life and its importance for long-term health, Brief 🧵: 1/ In 1989 Lee & Len Herzenberg proposed a layered model of hematopoiesis. In 2021 @DanBunis @trevorDBurt et al showed fetal-to-adult transition to be highly variable among human newborns at birth: doi.org/10.1016/j.celr…

Acute hepatitis in kids. We urge colleagues with access to samples (blood/liver tissue) to consider SARS-CoV-2 superantigen-mediated disease, potentiated by a second virus (AdV) 🧵1/ thelancet.com/journals/langa… 2/ @ArditiMd and colleagues first described a superantigen motif in SARS-CoV-2 and several groups have independently found T-cell skewing (TRBV11-2 expanded) in kids w #MISC, indicative of a superantigen-mediated inflammation.

How come #COVID19 is mostly mild in children? and at the same time, why do the rare hyperinflammatory syndrome #MISC affect mostly young people, and not the elderly? thread🧵and a hypothesis: cell.com/immunity/fullt… 2/In other infections, ex mononucleosis, symptomatic disease in teenagers differs from mild/asymptomatic infection in young children by stronger bystander T-cell activation and systemic inflammation.

Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life biorxiv.org/content/10.110… 1) Risk of asthma/allergies/autoimmunity etc associated with perturbed immune-microbe interactions early in life, but mechanisms are elusive

New from us: The immunology of MIS-C v.s Kawasaki disease and acute COVID-19. Online now in Cell: cell.com/cell/fulltext/… 1/ Hyperinflammation in MIS-C differs from that of acute, severe COVID-19. Important info for therapeutic decisions.

New work from our team and collaborators: The Immunology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children with #COVID19 (MIS-C) medrxiv.org/content/10.110… 1) we contrast MIS-C with Kawasaki disease and mild SARS-CoV2 in kids 2) MIS-C differ from hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19 disease