55-year-old man coming to the clinic for annual health assessment with this finding on physical exam.

What is it called?
DDX?
Mechanism?

🧵🧵🧵👇(1/n)

#MedX #MedTwitter #FOAMed Acanthosis nigricans is a hyperpigmented velvety skin lesion commonly affecting intertriginous sites such as neck and axillae. However, it can appear in other skin areas such as the dorsal surface of the hand. (2/n)

A patient living with HIV with undetectable viral loads for many years asks you if they can stop their antiretroviral therapy (ART). What is the right answer and what is the underlying reason?

🧵🧵🧵👇(1/n)

#MedEd #MedTwitter #FOAMed #IDTwitter The answer is straight-forward: DO NOT STOP!
HIV is notorious for establishing a latent infection in a wide range of cell populations inside body. The lymphoid tissue is the major reservoir. (2/n)

A 67-year-old female presents with encephalopathy, ataxia, and this finding on physical exam 👇

What is the diagnosis and what is the pathophysiology of this condition?

A thread 🧵🧵🧵(1/11)

#MedTwitter #MedEd #FOAMed Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a known complication of thiamine deficiency first described by Carl Wernicke in 1881 characterized by the classic triad of:
1⃣Acute encephalopathy
2⃣Oculomotor dysfunction
3⃣Gait ataxia

(2/11)

Acute kidney injury is a relatively common (seen in ~10-20% of the patients) side effect of Aminoglycosides but what is the mechanism?
#MedTwitter #MedEd
🧵🧵🧵(1/n) The amine groups present on aminoglycoside molecules give them a cationic charge. As a result, they can attach to the anion phospholipids within the cellular plasma membrane (mostly in PCT). (2/n)