Please forgive me, but I'm getting excited here... I may have connected some dots that were left unconnected before...
1: In "Ardashir and the Sasanians' Rise to Power" by Dr. @tourajdaryaee & "ReOrienting the Sasanians" by Dr. @sasanianshah I did not see these connections.
2: For some reason various sources note the name of a "Indo-Parthian" ruler as "Sasan", for example ...
Sep 14, 2024 • 35 tweets • 21 min read
Detailed Study: Let's talk about this important motif & standard in ancient Iran 🧵⤵️
Here's the deal: 1: various Iranian groups, like others in Eurasia, used various standards or banners in war
2: like others in Eurasia, Indo-European or not, Iranians valued various types of crosses for thousands of years, including the "swastika" ...
Mar 30, 2024 • 7 tweets • 4 min read
Rhytons are rather rare in Sasanian Iran. But one known shape shared with others in Central Asia as well is the compact horn & gazelle's head protome
This one only entered the Smithsonian in the 80s, though it was known since the 60s ... ⤵️
Based on the analysis in "Ancient Iranian metalwork in the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and the Freer Gallery of Art" it's likely early Sasanian
In any event, similar ones were used for centuries in West & Central Asia
Partho-Sasanian rhyton, excavated @ Babylon ...
Jan 7, 2024 • 15 tweets • 7 min read
Achaemenid amphora & amphora-rhytons
Depiction: Armenian delegation, Persepolis
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Other depictions @ Persepolis:
1: Armenian
2: Lydian
4: Medes
Sep 13, 2023 • 7 tweets • 4 min read
Some additional notes on Sasanian instruments, from the MP text Khosrow and Ridak:
A) This instrument is the barbat (with later changes called oud (photo 3)), not "win"/ ون, I made detailed notes on it in multiple threads
B) Some sources note "win" and "win-kenār" are types of harp, e.g.,
بررسی ابزار موسیقی دوره ی ساسانی بر پایه ی متن پهلوی خسرو قبادان و ریدگ
Although some sources note these could be instruments from India
Azarnouche translates the first 3 to French as...
Jun 18, 2023 • 9 tweets • 5 min read
Achaemenid Royal Audience Scene, inside shield of Persian soldier on so-called 'Alexander Sarcophagus'
4th C BCE, from Sidon, @ Istanbul Archaeology Museums, Photos: Fluorescent UV & Reconstruction
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An older drawing without some of the details (1);
There are parallels, precedents to #Achaemenid royal scenes in Assyrian, Elamite, other Near Eastern art. Drawing in photo 2 for example is likely of an older, Elamite seal which continued to be used in Achaemenid court
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Jun 17, 2023 • 30 tweets • 19 min read
History of Dogs in Iran
Treatment of dogs was very different in ancient Iran. They were considered beneficial, helpful animals and were to be treated well.
Photo: Persian hound or Saluki, 16th C CE
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I started this research to show Simurgh should not be called the "dog-bird". Along the way, I found ancient & modern breeds across the Near East and Central Asia regions, with a lot of continuity
For example see these Assyrian (1-3) & old Babylonian examples (@britishmuseum)
We have enough reference materials for study & recreation of colours in Parthian-Sasanian eras
Photo: Etchmiadzin Gospels, likely 6-7 C CE depiction of 3 magi
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Together with refs to royal colours, like Hamza al-Isfahani's Tarīk̲h̲ sinī mulūk al-arḍ wa ’l-anbiyā, we can work on recreating colours of that era
I've talked about colours in Achaemenid era, though that needs updating. Previous threads on motifs etc:
Some illustrations from book on Susa Excavations, 1884-1886 (A Suse, Journal des Fouilles, 1888)
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Crossing Karun and Karkheh
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May 14, 2023 • 8 tweets • 7 min read
چنان بد که یک روز بی انجمن
به نخجیر گه رفت با چنگزن
کجا نام آن رومی آزاده بود
که رنگ رخانش به می داده بود
به پشت هیونی چمان بر نشست
ابا سرو آزاده، چنگی به دست...
به پیش اندر آمدش آهو دو جفت
جوانمرد خندان به آزاده گفت...
کدام آهو افکنده خواهی به تیر
که ماده جوان است و همتاش پیر
بدو گفت آزاده کی شیرمرد
به آهو نجویند مردان نبرد...
Photos: Story of Bahram Gur & Azadeh, 1: also from Chal Tarkhan, slightly post-Sasanian. 2: @ Hermitage, Sasanian era
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May 10, 2023 • 6 tweets • 4 min read
"Nišānscheibe": Nishān (personal/clan device) discs in #Sasanian art
1: Well known one from Ctesiphon
These are, when more complex, usually referred to as monograms
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2: also Ctesiphon
Also with the famous wings motif from Sasanian era
In recent years, at least 4 sites (Bandian, Mele Hairam now outside Iran's borders, Bazeh Hur, Shilgan) have been excavated which give us a much better idea of this art form in eastern Iran, including Khorasan
⤵️ 1) Mele Hairam: a number of important late Parthian-Sasanian finds. Likely a fire temple
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Apr 30, 2023 • 8 tweets • 4 min read
Wild Boar heads in Iranian architecture. The head alone is likely representation of deity of victory, Verethragna/ Bahram (بهرام)
سر گراز در معماری ایرانی
Photo: multiple stucco fragments @philamuseum from Tepe Hissar, Sasanian
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One example from Tepe Hissar
I wrote about boars in more details before, and gave many examples of boar heads as well as boar hunting etc. across various media in ancient Iran
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Apr 29, 2023 • 8 tweets • 5 min read
Earliest depiction of #Simurgh/ Senmurv (سیمرغ) in the world I am aware of: sealing, Excavated @ Bandian (بندیان), 5 C CE (i.e., 401 - 500), possibly reign of Bahram V
Firmly establishing this motif as #Sasanian. Now @ Great Museum of Khorasan (موزه بزرگ خراسان)
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Various seals & other objects were found @ Bandian. As far as I know, this particular one hasn't been fully published.
Some of the other sealings & seals from Bandian
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Apr 23, 2023 • 32 tweets • 19 min read
Virtual Museum: The Tillya Tepe (Tillā tapa: Golden Hill; طلا تپه) Treasure, northern Afghanistan (Khorasan)
I hope these objects will remain safe. Photo: From March 1990 National Geographic magazine article
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"The hoard is a collection of about 20,600 ornaments, coins & other kinds of artifacts, made of gold, silver, ivory, etc., that were found in six burial mounds erected for five women & one man, with extremely rich jewelry, dated to around 1st C BCE-1st C CE."
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Apr 4, 2023 • 34 tweets • 7 min read
2 hypotheses in Iranian Studies which are based on very shaky logic (among many other examples!)
1) "Mithraism" was not a thing in ancient Iran
2) Nowruz, Iranian new year, is not originally Iranian, but Babylonian... !
I have absolutely no problem with proper...
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with properly constructed, logical hypotheses in any field of human logic.
But it seems in Iranian studies I find more and more hypotheses that appear more based on personal feelings, prejudices, biases, lack of knowledge, etc., being simply accepted by others as "scientific"
Mar 21, 2023 • 12 tweets • 5 min read
Iranian #Nowruz (Sasanian Middle Persian/Parsig: nōgrōz) is ancient, but an even more ancient name for the celebration is Nāvā sardā
I've looked at ~ 20 articles on Nowruz, but unfortunately can't find anything on its more ancient roots... Can anyone help? 🌼🌸
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I find it fascinating because by all accounts in Sasanian Middle Persian & modern Persian, year = sāl
Only in Parthian, old Persian & Avestan is it Sarad > sard, which points to the name likely being more ancient.
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Numerous later sources link it to the Indo-Iranian figure/king Jamshid/ Yima
Unfortunately it does not appear that scholars like @sasanianshah have sufficiently considered the origin of Nowruz.
If we require evidence for hypotheses, I have no issue if some evidence
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Mar 12, 2023 • 27 tweets • 16 min read
Shapur II, the Great (𐭱𐭧𐭯𐭥𐭧𐭥𐭩; شاپور دوم), tenth Sasanian King of Kings (Shahanshah) of Iran
Longest-reigning monarch in Iranian history (309–379 CE). One of longest reigning monarchs in world history
Known illustrations of Shapur II: bulla/sealing
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Details of published sealing
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Mar 11, 2023 • 23 tweets • 12 min read
Iranian Harp; چنگ در ایران باستان
Video: Recreation of an Elamite harp. I talked about Iranian musical instruments before, but will focus on the harp, used in Iranian music for thousands of years until the 17th C, and now being brought back by various musicians
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Recreation of harp from Choga Mish, Iran, 6800 BCE