1/ Another coincidence given my recovery ? Below is a causal hypothesis and interventions using the best performing #AI model (Full info included at the end of this thread). The causal hypothesis is for an "unknown syndrome" (however, findings related to #MECFS were used) 2/ So what are the proposed interventions ? A part of the answer is shown here, observe the annotated ones and also that a specific order of interventions is used :

1/ This is a thread on the use of 5 #AI reasoning engines in order to better understand #MECFS given the latest results by @DecodeMEstudy #GWAS study. I want to express a huge "Thank you" to @genspark_ai : Without your tools this would have not been possible! 2/ I wanted to simulate a committee of 5 "experts" hypothesising on what is behind #MECFS while presenting different layers of information. Then, each "expert" checked hypotheses of other "experts" and gave which one is best.

1/ I would like to share my personal experience with LOLA (L-Ornithine / L-Aspartate) supplementation and also an update from using it. When Dr Wenzhong Xiao first mentioned it to me, I told him about my first experience from using it which was in 2019. Back then, LOLA .. 2/ ...did not seem to "feel" right for me. I did not feel unwell but I had some strange lightheadedness after taking it so I decided not to move forward in further supplementing it. Given our recent publication (see below) & patient comments I decided to try it again, this time..

1/ 🧵 I am excited to share the latest results -as a hypothesis- , using computational #AI analysis applied to #MECFS and #LongCOVID research. To the best of my knowledge, this application of #AI is the first of its kind in #MECFS and #LongCOVID research. 2/ 🔍 How it was done : First, several AI models were given relevant information on what we know from various studies. Particular weight was given to replicated findings. Most common symptoms of #MECFS and #LongCOVID were provided and also a detailed list of syndrome triggers.

1/ I am amazed with @genspark_ai and what it could potentially do for medical applications. The reason for my amazement is the"Mixture-of-agents" approach . Here is the interaction for an imaginary #MECFS patient. Tagging @DeryaTR_ : 2/ What happens next, is that the prompt given is submitted to three Large Language Models (LLMs) and each LLM gives its response. In our case these LLMs are #GPT4o #Claude and #Gemini. Note also the "Reflection" dropdown which is where things get interesting

1/ It is really exciting when different analytical methods and efforts converge to the same results. I looked at @DeryaTR_ docs that contain the output from @ManusAI_HQ. ManusAI was asked to perform Deep Research analysis for #MECFS and suggest hypotheses.. 2/ Among the results we see peroxisomal dysfunction, a mention on PEX Genes, Peroxisome Proliferators (PPARs) among others (cc @chydorina).

1/ Update : I have complete remission of allergic symptoms (sneezing, skin redness and possibly asthma) without any changes to elevated IgE levels. I am sharing in this thread how it was done. Remember this is an n=1 experiment. Talk with your doctor before any intervention! 2/ I have been trying several interventions with my symptoms coming and going. The best intervention that was shown to be effective is the administration of TUDCA at night time (Note : timing *is* important for me -more below). See also attached studies on mast cells and IgE

1/ This thread on N-linked glycosylation and glycoproteins could be of great importance. I would kindly ask followers to make sure that researchers and patient organisations on #MECFS and #LongCOVID are aware of it. I will be also tagging researchers where applicable : 2/ On October 2017 the following network analysis graph was posted in my blog. I annotated below accordingly two main clusters of topics 1) Metabolism & Oxidation and 2) Immune system and Inflammation. Between these clusters we find a node named GLYCOPROTEINS (upper star).

1/5 I am really happy to share an update on medical research using #CausalAI as discussed with @CortJohnson on HealthRising. Using causal relationships will help us identify much needed knowledge for #MECFS and #LongCOVID, fast. An example is shown below (cc @ahandvanish ): 2/5 Note that this is work under development. MCAS, Post-exertional malaise, allergic reactions, autoimmunity, chemical intolerances, NK cell dysfunction, viral replication, certain biological pathways (list non inclusive) and their interactions are making more sense given..

1/ A 🧵 on the latest (preprint) paper by @CGATist et. al. The paper mentions that "Significant female and male traits were indicative of chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and liver disease" : Tagging @JennieJacques1 medrxiv.org/content/10.110… 2/ Differentially expressed proteins were used as inputs to the software framework I have been using in order to identify promising research targets. Note that "Liver disease" has been identified as early as 2017 as a potential target using certain analytical methods.

1/ After reading posts related to #MECFS24 working group meeting, I saw that some speakers shared slides attempting to look at a bigger picture. First, a tweet by @JanetDafoe shows the following slide by Chris Armstrong. 2/ I do not know if Chris wants to hypothesize with this slide that Gulf War Illness , #MECFS , Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome and #LongCOVID are actually the same syndrome. If true, could other syndromes belong to this bigger picture?

1/ This is a major -and hopefully exciting- update on the use of #AI and #networkanalysis methods to research #MECFS. As new research was becoming available, it was sent to the #AI framework in order to identify most promising research targets. Here are the results : 2/ The #AI framework suggests that we look into sulfation, disulfide bonds, cysteine metabolism and cysteine residues. Some of these concepts have been identified but given the latest research, the confidence for their relevance has increased even more.

1/ This is a thread on the latest study by @microbeminded2 @resiapretorius . The study (see attached) identified issues of complement activation, endothelium function and downregulation of the coagulation system : et.al 2/ In the study we find a table that lists a number of proteins that were found to be significantly different from healthy controls. Among them we find a Vitamin K-related protein named "Protein S" ,Lactotransferrin (Lactoferrin) and Thrombospondin-1

1/ Thread related to the latest paper (preprint) by Li et. al and the use of LOLA for amelioration of #MECFS and #LongCOVID symptoms. This work may have identified a greater issue (hypothesis) which will be discussed here and have also been communicated to authors of the study. 2/ Among others, the paper identified low levels of asparagine. From the wikipedia entry of asparagine we read that it is essential for proper N-Linked glycosylation (shown below)

1/ After seeing a tweet by @Naomi_D_Harvey, about N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) ,I would like to post a thread : The role of N-Linked glycosylation (which I mentioned briefly to @BhupeshPrusty in Berlin recently) , ER Stress and NAG. All links will be given at the end of this thread 2/ I begin with what has been written about the subject : Below we see a tweet I posted (2017) where N-Linked Glycosylation is mentioned. If we follow the link we read about the importance of N-Linked glycosylation and endoplasmic reticulum stress (right)

1/ We now look at the 4th hypothesis named "Could vascular damage caused by massive
inflammatory events underlie a relapse/recovery
phenotype of ME/CFS and Long COVID?" from @JeffLubell_C19 which can be found in the @patientled patient-generated hypotheses. 2/ The hypothesis suggests that a relapse/recovery pattern takes place among #MECFS and #LongCOVID patients and also discusses associations of hypermobile #EhlersDanlos, chiari malformation,tethered cord syndrome and mast cell activation with these syndromes.

1/ This is a 🧵 for being in remission from #MECFS since 2015. Below, is the email I sent to selected #MECFS researchers (Dec. 2015) which I would like to provide as evidence, as this hypothesis is unpublished (Some parts omitted including recipients and specific regimen steps). 2/ The email discussed a hypothesis that for #MECFS and other syndromes (shown in red rectangle) a common factor is liver injury. Observe also mentions on oxidative stress (cc : @cstroeckw) and a "vicious cycle" being at play...

🧵 On connective tissue (CT) disorders, #MECFS & #LongCOVID. I came across recent tweets by @ahandvanish and @Be_Kinderr related to a dutch study that found CT abnormalities in LC patients. 2/ Searching for "connective tissue" using an information retrieval system I got the following ranked results : Observe that "mast cells" are highly ranked. Note that MCAS (Mast Cell Activation Syndrome) is being frequently mentioned among LC & ME patients

1/ @VirusesImmunity, some thoughts for a "Liver Injury hypothesis" that i hope you and other researchers will look at for #MECFS and #LongCOVID. After watching your interview, i used an #InformationRetrieval (IE) system built specifically... 2/...for the purpose of researching #MECFS and -now- #LongCOVID. You mention -among other topics- low cortisol, reduced fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, GPCRs,CCL11, traumatic brain injury. These topics were entered to the IE system..

1/ This is a thread on the application of various analytical methods to findings from @resiapretorius related to microclots in #LongCOVID patients to help find potentially interesting associations. Tagging also @ahandvanish @maosbot @doctorasadkhan 2/ An information extraction system was used to identify most related medical topics to the latest work by @resiapretorius (see snapshot). The query used is shown in red, results are shown in a blue rectangle. Some -hopefully- interesting observations follow :

(1/4) #MECFS is a multi-systemic disease where we are trying to put the pieces of a huge puzzle together. In the Network Analysis shown below Lysine plays a central role. Dr Ron Davis found high Lysine levels in #PwME. (2/4) Next step is to try and find why this is so. There are a number of concepts (nodes) next to Lysine. Some of them are expected to be there. Others (such as Osteopontin) may not be expected or known to a researcher. We many then find using the associations shown above...