Thread by @adrnjonathan

10 HIGH YIELD mnemonics to help you memorise concepts for board exams and clinical practice – A thread 🧵

#MedTwitter
#MedEd

1. Tetralogy of Fallot ➡️ PROVe

⛽️ Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
📈 Right ventricular hypertrophy
🎢 Overriding aorta
🕳 Ventricular septal defect

🫀 Most common cyanotic heart disease, causes R-L shunt
🔪 Tx: Surgical repair

2. Acute rheumatic fever ➡️ J♥NES criteria

🚗 Joints (migratory polyarthritis)
🫀 ♥ (carditis)
🧴 Nodules (subcutaneous)
⭐️ Erythema marginatum
👋🏽 Sydenham chorea

💊 Tx: Antibiotics, supportive care for other symptoms, 2˚ prophylaxis for RHD

3. Infectious endocarditis ➡️ FROM JANE

🦷 RF: Poor dentition, IV drug use, IV catheters, heart disease
🦠 Most common: viridans Streptococci
🔉 Dx: TEE is gold standard + culture

💊 Tx: Initially with vancomycin, subsequent Tx based on culture (S.viridans → Pen G / Ceftri)

4. Multiple myeloma ➡️ CRAB

🦀 hyperCalcemia (>11)
💦 Renal insufficiency (CCl <40)
🩸 Anemia (HB <10)
🦴 Bone lytic lesion / Back pain

👉🏽 Most common cause of isolated ↑ALP in elderly
💉 Clonal bone marrow plasma cells ≥10%

5. Acute dialysis ➡️ AEIOU

🧬 Acidosis (pH <7.1)
🍌 Electrolytes (refractory hyperkalemia/>6.5)
💉 Intoxication (methanol, ethylene glycol, salicylate, Li, valproate)
🐳 Overload (💧overload refractory to diuretics)
⚠️ Uremia (pericarditis, encephalopathy)

6. Medullary respiratory centre ➡️ DIVE

👉🏽 Dorsal: Inspiration
👈🏽 Ventral: Expiration

7. Vestibulo-ocular reflex ➡️ COWS

🥶 Cold → Opposite
🥵 Warm → Same

8. Menopause wreaks HAVOCS

🧔🏻‍♀️ Hirsutism
🧴 Atrophy of Vagina
🦴 Osteoporosis
🫀 Coronary artery disease
💤 Sleep disturbance

9. Depression ➡️ SIG E CAPS

👉🏽 This mnemonic makes no logical sense (what is a SIG E CAP?) but is one of the ones that really stick to me I’m not so sure why…
🃏 Dx: depressed mood + anhedonia + ≥4/7 criteria
💊 Tx: CBT + SSRI

10. Mania ➡️ DIG FAST

1️⃣ Bipolar 1: ≥1 manic episode + causing marked impairment
2️⃣ Bipolar 2: ≥1 hypomanic episode + ≥1 major depressive episode
💊 Tx: CBT + mood stabiliser ± antipsychotics

I’m a doctor based in Bali, Indonesia riding the wave of the wonderful medical community on Twitter to talk about my IMG journey to the UK.

👉🏽 Sitting for the PLAB 1 on August 2023
👉🏽 Connect with me for more of these

I hope you all have a wonderful weekend ✨