Here is an overview of national measures to support businesses.
These schemes share the burden of #Covid19 losses with *national* taxpayers. No European backstop in sight, leaving a patchwork and uneven playing field!
A thread. 1/N
1) Basically all countries have extended furlough or short-time work benefits. This supports both workers and firms.
Complementing this, some countries temporarily exempt employers from social security contributions (e.g., Slovak Republic, Spain).
2/N
All this should, if well calibrated, allow speedier recovery from the #Covid19 lockdown than, e.g. US.
3/N
This directly supports firms’ solvency and is well suited for mid-sized enterprises. But the schemes are tricky to develop and resource-intense to administer.
4/N
Such schemes give essential relief to firms in the short term. But the support is not well targeted and small.
5/N
Banks may be best suited to allocate loans as they know their clients. Delayed grant-conversion relieves the stretched administration.
6/N
Relaxing NPL rules must not lead to evergreening. Halting foreclosures or bankruptcy filings can ultimately shift more of the burden onto banks.
7/N
Such equity could be structured in different ways (see Soffin/TARP/etc. during #GFC). Important to ensure commercial governance and a clear plan to exit the investment
8/N
Tax obligations are often deferred (up to 3 years in Latvia!), but not forgiven.
Relaxing limits on loss carrybacks (e.g. until 2014 in Slovak Rep) can boost profitable companies.
For Germany, see proposals by @SVR_Wirtschaft & @D_Langenmayr.
9/N
In Germany, the scheme could transfer up to EUR24bln (0.7% GDP).
welt.de/wirtschaft/art…
10/N
Public development banks could offer equity, such as @EBRD.
F. Galizia @el_BID has an interesting essay on bank equity-financing: publications.iadb.org/en/equity-fina…
11/N
European schemes could help and prevent corporate-sovereign doom loops!
My ideas for EIB-EIF and a corporate SRM here👇🏼
12/N
13/N
voxeu.org/article/corpor…
voxeu.org/article/try-eq…
14/N
CC @PeterBofinger @michael_huether @JanKrahnen @D_Langenmayr @Lars_Feld @ErikFossing @GuntramWolff @DeboraRevoltel1 @COdendahl @NickMalkoutzis @RobinBrooksIIF @AGarciaPascual @MFratzscher @jfkirkegaard @nicolas_veron
15/N
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