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Hivi karibuni Madagascar walitangaza kupata dawa ya #COVID19 huku @WHO wakisema bado hakuna ushahidi kama dawa hiyo ni sahihi.#Uzi huu inaonesha hatua za kupitia hadi dawa kutangazwa inatibu ugonjwa fulani.
Dawa hadi inathibitishwa kutibu ugonjwa fulani wa binadamu ni zoefu lefu ambalo linaloweza kuchukua kadri ya miaka 7 hadi 12.
Kwanza, majaribio yanafanyika nje ya mwili wa binadamu mfano katika "test tube" kwa kutumia seli za binadamu au mnyama na kisha kufanyika kwa mnyama ambapo mara nyingi hutumika panya.
Endapo dawa hiyo itatoa matokeo chanya, Majaribio hufanyika kwa binadamu katika hatua (phases) 3 tofauti ambapo kila hatua inazidi kuhusisha watu wengi zaidi ya ile ya awali.
Hatua ya kwanza ( Phase I) hutumia kati ya watu 20-100 wenye afya au wagonjwa waliojitolea endapo dawa husika ni kwa ajili ya matibabu ya saratani.Lengo kuu ni kujua kama dawa ni salama kwa matumizi ya binadamu.
Hatua ya pili (Phase II) hutumia kati ya watu 100 - 200 ambao wanaumwa ugonjwa utakaotibika na dawa hii.Lengo kuu ni kujiridhisha kama inaweza tibu ugonjwa huu bila kuwa na madhara kwa mgonjwa.
Phase III hutumia watu wengi zaidi kati ya wagonjwa 1000 hadi 6000, lengo kuu ni kuweza kupata madhara ambayo yanatokea mara chache sana kiasi kubwa yanaweza yasionekane kama dawa itatumika kwa watu wachache.
Dawa inayopitia hatua zote hizi na kuonesha matokeo chanya hutangazwa, kupewa usajili na kutumika kama dawa iliyothibitika kutibu ugonjwa fulani.
Dawa huendelewa kufuatiliwa kama haina madhara kwa binadamu na hasa kwa kuwa inatumika na watu wengi zaidi ambao hawakuweza kutumika wakati wa majaribio.
Baadhi ya dawa huondoshwa sokoni kama zitaonekana zina madhara makubwa kwa binadamu, dawa ya thalidomide kwa mfano inaondolewa sokoni baada ya kuonekana inaathiri utengenezaji wa mtoto wakati wa ujauzito.
Na hicho ndicho hufanyika kwa kifupi hadi dawa inaingia sokoni.@threadreaderapp unroll tafadhali.
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