Amy Proal, PhD Profile picture
Sep 4, 2020 3 tweets 3 min read Read on X
@adamswendya @errinbaccari @danaparish Wow thanks for sharing b/c I had not seen the study! What’s awesome is they didn’t just show that #Borrelia cld infect choroid plexus epithelial cells...they also demonstrated the substantial gene expression changes driven by the #pathogen in infected cells
@adamswendya @errinbaccari @danaparish 2/ That Borrelia downregulated genes related to cell to cell junctions (including tight and adherens junctions)...is a a direct mechanism of action finding on how the organism can cause the BBB to become more permeable
@adamswendya @errinbaccari @danaparish 3/ Can you imagine the “double hit” of already harboring Borrelia in the choroid plexus, and then getting #COVID-19 that can infect the same area? Or some version of that pattern? Each pathogen cld support the potential CNS entry of the other

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More from @microbeminded2

Apr 13
@BaszkoM @RorPreston @polybioRF That is not correct. We are working very hard on ME/CFS projects in addition to LC, and almost every day we work with teams to determine how more of our LC projects can be pivoted to ME/CFS in the future
@BaszkoM @RorPreston @polybioRF 2/ ME/CFS projects include this collaborative study determining immune activity, microclotting and other infectious parameters in ME/CFS patients with peripheral neuropathy: polybio.org/projects/immun…
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Apr 9
For more context: The team found #SARS-CoV-2 proteins indicative of viral persistence in 25% of people up to 14 months after #COVID. They controlled for vaccination + reinfection. There were very few false positives in the pre-pandemic samples, confirming accuracy of the methods
2/ The viral proteins were found in participant blood. Where did they come from? As described in our paper below, it’s possible that at least some of the proteins “leak” into blood from persistent reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 in tissue (gut, lungs etc): pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37667052/
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Jan 17
Tell @ChrisCuomo that 33 scientists from 14 institutions joined forces to write this paper documenting evidence for #SARS-CoV-2 persistence as a potential driver of #LongCOVID. We call for more clinical trials of drugs capable of clearing persistent virus: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37667052/
2/ We have formed a global #Consortium to study SARS-CoV-2 persistence: to determine if reservoirs of the #virus in LongCOVID tissue can drive widespread dysfunction including clotting, #microbiome, and neuroimmune abnormalities: polybio.org/longcovid
3/ Thus far, members our Consortium or our colleagues (including at NIH) have found persistent #SARS-CoV-2 RNA or proteins in tissue/nerve samples collected from dozens of human body & brain locations: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36517603/
Read 18 tweets
Dec 1, 2023
I want to add that I see #SARS-CoV-2 persistence as part of a larger picture in which other latent pathogens and/or #microbiome organisms also harbored by a patient play an important role in the ultimate set up symptoms they develop
2/ Pathogens harbored by a patient at the time of SARS-CoV-2 #infection may serve as a predisposing factor to either persistence of the virus or increased disease in the acute phase
3/ E.g. Bartonella is a persistent #bacteria that drives blood vessel dysfunction by infecting #vascular endothelial cells. So someone with Bartonella may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2’s detrimental impact on blood vessels, and have more trouble clearing virus from such sites
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Nov 28, 2023
Incredible to see the technology being developed openly here - not just to mitigate #COVID-19 but to create an innovative global infrastructure that positions humanity in excellent shape to combat the next airborne #virus pandemic
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Nov 3, 2023
Incredible new paper demonstrating #SARS-CoV-2 persistence + associated immune modulation in macaque monkeys. The team found replication competent SARS-CoV-2 virus in macaque lung alveolar #macrophages beyond 6 months postinfection: nature.com/articles/s4159…
2/ IFN-γ production was impaired in NK cells from macaques with persisting virus. Moreover, IFN-γ also enhanced the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-E on lung alveolar macrophages, possibly inhibiting NK cell-mediated killing
3/ In the lab, increasing SARS-CoV-2 levels during culture corresponded to ongoing viral replication and were accompanied by #virus-induced morphological changes including filiform extensions that connected multiple macrophages, with viral proteins detected in these extensions.
Read 6 tweets

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