Thread by @petersuber

Update (from June, missed at the time).
thelancet.com/journals/lance…

Update.
nytimes.com/2020/10/06/sci…

Update. "Women submitted proportionally fewer manuscripts [to Elsevier journals] than men during the COVID-19 lockdown months. This deficit was especially pronounced among women in more advanced stages of their career."
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…

Update. "A new study of enormous scale supports what numerous smaller studies have demonstrated throughout the pandemic: female academics are taking extended lockdowns on the chin, in terms of their comparative scholarly productivity."
insidehighered.com/news/2020/10/2…

Update. "Even among elite scientists a pattern of stratified productivity and recognition by gender remains, with more prominent gaps in recognition."
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…

Update. "Optimistically, many academics thought initially that [remote work] might lead to a surge in research productivity....[If so, however,] all indications suggest that this has been a benefit for men in science, and not women."
journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/a…

Update. An argument to qualify or reinterpret the research (cited in this twitter thread above) showing a drop in research publications by women during the pandemic.
publisherad.medium.com/the-covid-surg…

Update. I missed this from November 2019 (note, prepandemic).
* original paper
rsc.org/globalassets/0…
* summary
nature.com/articles/d4158…

Update. "Women submitted proportionally fewer manuscripts [to Elsevier journals] than men during the #COVID19 lockdown months. This deficit was especially pronounced among women in more advanced stages of their career."
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cf…

Update. "16% fewer women were lead authors for articles published on the preprint-platform medRxiv between December 2019 and April 2020, according to the IT professor Cassidy Sugimoto in an analysis published in Nature Index."
horizons-mag.ch/2020/12/03/few…

Update. "Although researchers submitted more papers to journals than last year, on average, growth in submissions from female authors trailed behind growth from male authors across all subject areas, and senior women saw the largest paper penalty."
nature.com/articles/d4158…

Update. "Compared to their male colleagues…mid-career women are spending less time on their primary research, writing less, reading fewer journal articles, applying for fewer grants, dedicating less time to research and publishing fewer articles."
blog.degruyter.com/wp-content/upl…

Update, but on acceptance rates rather than submission rates. "Manuscripts submitted by women or coauthored by women are generally not penalized during…peer review…Manuscripts by [women] had even a higher probability of success in many cases."
advances.sciencemag.org/content/7/2/ea…

Update. This looks like good news, but it's #paywalled and I can't read it.
timeshighereducation.com/news/female-ac…

Update. nap.edu/catalog/26061/…

From Ch 2, p. 7: "With variations by discipline, women… published fewer papers & received fewer citations… between March 2020 & December 2020 (Amano-Patino et al., 2020: Andersen et al., 2020; Gabster et al., 2020)."
nap.edu/read/26061/cha…

Update. "[Early in the] pandemic, MS submissions by female researchers to preprint servers across disciplines dropped significantly or increased less than their male colleagues. [The same happened] for womxn-led medical studies related to this pandemic."
journals.plos.org/plosbiology/ar…

Update. "The proportion of women publishing in biomedical fields during the pandemic drops in average for 9.5% across disciplines and research topics….The impact is particularly pronounced for papers related to COVID-19 research."
preprints.jmir.org/preprint/25379…

On the @PLOSBiology piece above. "Getting this paper pub'd was a bit of a struggle…[A] few journals [said they'd] already pub'd…about the impact of #COVID19 on women…'Here, ironically, was a [piece] written by moms…juggling kids & we were…too late.'"
udel.edu/udaily/2021/ma…

Update. "While the majority of faculty, regardless of gender, indicated that they worked much less on research than planned during the fall [2020] semester (57%), there was a 12 percentage point gap between women (62%) and men (50%)."
sr.ithaka.org/publications/t…

Update. "Women scientists have experienced a productivity penalty from the social and structural changes accompanying the COVID-19 pandemic, but not in all authorship positions."
osf.io/preprints/soca…

Update. "Several studies have found that women have published fewer papers, led fewer clinical trials and received less recognition for their expertise during the pandemic."
nytimes.com/2021/04/13/hea…

Update. "Women were substantially under-represented as authors among articles in leading medical journals [in 2020, but] barriers to women’s authorship…during COVID-19 are not significantly larger than barriers that preceded the pandemic."
bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/7/e…

Update. "How can tenure and promotion procedures adequately reflect gendered disparities in Covid impact?"
chronicle.com/article/the-pa…

Update. Summarizing pandemic-specific gender differences in productivity & aiming to understand the causes of these diffs, inc those that existed before the pandemic. "Parental engagement is a more powerful variable…than the mere existence of children."
arxiv.org/abs/2108.05376

Update. "After the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, the number of submissions [to Renaissance Quarterly from @RSAorg] by female scholars fell sharply….We look forward to rectifying this imbalance in our 2022 volume and beyond."
cambridge.org/core/journals/…

Update. "During the first wave of the pandemic, women submitted proportionally fewer manuscripts than men. This deficit was especially pronounced among more junior cohorts of women academics."
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…

Update: "Articles [in medicine] written by women as both primary and senior authors had approximately half the number of citations as those authored by men as both primary and senior authors."
jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…

PS: I'm expanding this thread beyond pandemic effects.

Update. Papers by women are cited less often than papers by men. But they get greater reader engagement & more often aim at social progress. "Citation impact vs interest among readers is related to the aims of research & there is a gender difference here."
eprints.lse.ac.uk/113101/1/impac…

Update. Article submissions to @AnnFamMed grew during the pandemic. But the submission gender gap also grew.
annfammed.org/content/20/1/32

Summary of this article.
news.northwestern.edu/stories/2022/0…

Update. "While female inventors' overall involvement in patenting activity is not that high, the share of female inventors increases over the time period in question [1978 - 2019] from 1.2% to 8.9%."
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Update, contrary to other studies in this thread: "We found no significant differences between men & women in publication patterns [2019-2021] overall. However, we found significant differences…in different disciplines."
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/01…

Update. "Only 3 fields had a female last author majority by 2018…Female first-authored research tended to be more cited than male first-authored research in most fields (59%), although with a maximum difference of only 5.1%."
doi.org/10.1177%2F0165…

Update. Most studies in this thread used software to guess the gender of authors from their names. But "more than 50 pubs representing over 15,000 journals globally are preparing to ask scientists about their race or ethnicity, as well as their gender."
nature.com/articles/d4158…

Idea building on prev tweet: @ORCID_Org could add fields for self-identified gender & ethnicity. With user consent, the fields could be public, e.g. for research just like that in this thread. No need to guess gender from names or trust (upcoming) publisher method of labelling.

Update. "Larger editorial boards were less likely to have women dominance. Women editor-in-chief dominance was significantly associated with women-dominant editorial board."
clinicalmicrobiologyandinfection.com/article/S1198-…

Update. "Our results imply that the gender gap in [preprint sharing] suffered an approximately 1-year setback during the strict lockdown months of 2020, and COVID-related research areas suffered an additional 1.5-year setback."
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…

Update. "Disaggregating [Norwegian scientific authors] by scientific field, institutional affiliation, academic position, and age changes [and reduces] the gender gaps that appear at the aggregate level."
link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Update. "In multiple academic disciplines having a perceived gender of 'woman' is associated w a lower than expected rate of citations…We show that…the tendency of people to interact w others…like themselves…is sufficient to reproduce observed biases."
arxiv.org/abs/2204.12555

Update. "Women [authors are] under-rep'd…in JAMA (at its peak, 38.1% of articles had a female 1st author in 2011) & NEJM (peaking at 28.2% in 2002)…Rate of increase…so slow that it will take more than a century for both journals to reach gender parity."
link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Update. In veterinary science journals, "females [are] underrepresented in the group of managing editors (32.2% females vs 67.2% males), editors (34.5% females vs 65.1% males) and others (33.3% females vs. 65.4% males)." #paywalled
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

Update. At @braincomms "the representation of women authors and reviewers decreased…in the months following COVID-19 restrictions, suggesting a possible exacerbating role of the pandemic on existing disparities in science publication."
academic.oup.com/braincomms/art…

Update. "Women in research teams are significantly less likely to be credited with authorship than are men."
nature.com/articles/s4158…

Update. Here's a @washingtonpost summary of the study above.
washingtonpost.com/business/2022/…

Update. Here's a @ScienceMagazine summary of the study above.
science.org/content/articl…

Update. "We review gender bias in scholarly publications and discuss examples of #openaccess research publications that highlight a positive advantage for women."
mdpi.com/2304-6775/10/3…

Update. "Gendered differences in the productivity and prominence of mid-career researchers can be largely explained by differences in their coauthorship networks…Collaboration networks represent an important form of unequally distributed social capital."
nature.com/articles/s4146…

Update. "Journals that require reporting of methods used to determine sex and/or gender have a significantly higher IF [#JIF] and a significantly greater proportion of EIC positions held by women."
jamanetwork.com/journals/jaman…

Update. In the #MENA region, "men publish on average between 11% and 51% more than women, with this gap increasing over time."
arxiv.org/abs/2208.13520

Update: The Journal of Bone & Mineral Research studied itself. "The acceptance rate [2017-2019] was highest when the first & last authors were of different genders & lowest when both authors were men. Reviewer gender did not influence the outcome."
asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jb…

Update. "We identify gender disparities in the patterns of peer citations and show that these differences are strong enough to accurately predict the scholar’s gender."
pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pn…

Update. "We find a global bias wherein [physics] papers authored by women are significantly under-cited & papers authored by men are significantly over-cited…[These disparities depend on] who is citing, where they are citing & what they are citing."
nature.com/articles/s4156…

Update. Here's a good summary of the previous article in this thread.
physicsworld.com/a/citing-like-…

Update. Here's another good summary of the same study.
science.org/content/articl…

Update. "Women's share of [highly-cited researchers] would need to increase by 100% in health & social sciences, 200% in agriculture, bio, earth, & enviro sciences, 300% in math & physics, & 500% in chem, CS, & engineering to close the gap with men."
direct.mit.edu/qss/article/do…

Update. Study of the 57 @IOPPublishing journals: "Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not find that manuscript submissions from women decreased during the pandemic, although the rate of increased submissions evident prior to the pandemic slowed."
nature.com/articles/s4159…

Update. "Women were 2.5 times as likely as men to forgo a professional development in order to pay APCs."
aaas.org/news/aaas-surv…

Update. "Publications by women are cited less by @Wikipedia than expected…& less likely to be cited than those by men…Gender- or country-based inequalities varies by research field & the gender-country…bias is prominent in math-intensive STEM fields."
asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/as…

Update. In psychology, "relative to ratios as students and faculty, women are underrepresented as editorial-board members (41%) and…as editors-in-chief (34%)."
journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/17…

I just used a new tool from @HarvardLILto save this thread as a PDF.
archive.social

I did it mainly to test the tool. But if you're interested, I put a #CC0 copy of the file in the @internetarchive.
ia601400.us.archive.org/12/items/suber…

Update. "Women’s share of HCRs [highly cited researchers] would need to increase by 100% in health & social sciences, 200% in agriculture, bio, earth & env sciences, 300% in math & physics, & 500% in chemistry, CS & engineering to close the gap with men."
doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_…

Update. For male authors, the presence of an author photo and bio in an article does not affect citation rates. But "there was a small citation disadvantage of 5% for female authors when they provided a photograph and biography."
doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_…

Update. "I find that (i) female-authored papers are 1%–6% better written than equivalent papers by men; (ii) the gap widens during peer review; …(iv) female-authored papers take longer under review."
academic.oup.com/ej/article/132…

Update. "Women account for less than one in three peer reviewers of medical journals. Women’s representation as peer reviewers is higher in journals with higher percentage of women as editors or with a woman as editor-in-chief."
bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/5/e…

Update. "The gendered effect observed in [research] production may be related by differential engagement in parenting: men who serve in lead roles suffer similar penalties for parenting engagement, but women are more likely to serve in lead roles."
nature.com/articles/s4159…

Update. In a database of "81,000 editors serving more than 1,000 journals and 15 disciplines over five decades" only 14% were women and only 8% were editors in chief. Male editors published in their own journals more often than female editors.
nature.com/articles/s4156…

Update. Missed this one from 2017: "Here we present evidence that women of all ages have fewer opportunities to take part in peer review."
nature.com/articles/54145…

Update. "This study evaluated the inclusion and representation of women serving on school #psychology journal editorial boards from 1965 to 2020." (#paywalled)
psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/sp…

Update. "The objective of the current study was to assess the level of gender and geographic inequalities affecting influential researchers, based on the lists of Highly Cited Researchers (HCRs) published annually by Clarivate."
link.springer.com/article/10.100…

Update. "We identified 1482 editorial board members [at #pharmacy journals] with only 527 (35.6%) being female…Only 9 journals (21.42%) presented more females among their editorial board members."
doi.org/10.1016/j.saph…

Update. "For the [UK @EPSRC research] projects examined as part of this study, over 70%…have no female representation, and less than 15% have a female lead."
academic.oup.com/rev/advance-ar…

Update. "Of the 3m submissions to major…medical journals in the 1st half of 2020, just 36% were from women. This gender gap applied…across all authorship positions, in…top tier & lower impact journals & was esp pronounced among younger…female authors."
bmj.com/content/381/bm…

@threadreaderapp unroll.