A young king seeking a powerful Empire, denied to him for two decades, finally undone by a virtual unknown when the king's journey started and someone who created a dynasty that would outlast centuries and continents, with the king's territories.
Ottokar Přemysl became the heir to the Bohemian crown when his elder brother died in 1247. Still in his teens, Ottokar also had eyes for neighbouring Austria, which his brother would have acquired had it not been for his unexpected death. 1/10
The death of Duke Friedrich of Austria in 1246 ended the Babenberger family who had been ruling Austria since 10th century. In 1251, backed by his father, Ottokar would become the Duke of Austria. He would solidify his position as Duke in 1260, defeating the Hungarian King. 2/10
The Holy Roman Empire had been in a state of flux since the excommunication of Emperor Friedrich in 1245. The death of his son & successor Konrad in 1254 added to it. As one of Empire's most powerful rulers, Ottokar was a likely candidate, but he would not gain the title. 3/10
The English prince Richard would be elected as King of Germany, but Alfonso of Castile disputed it. Both had support among nobility and neither would take a proper charge. King Richard confirmed Ottokar's titles, appointing him protector of royal domains east of Rhine. 4/10
Ottokar would enlarge his rule which would reach its peak in 1272. With the death of King Richard the same year, another election loomed with Ottokar at his strongest. 5/10
However, Ottokar would again fail in his pursuit of the Empire. A minor count from present day Switzerland, Rudolf von Habsburg, would be elected as king at the ripe old age of 55. The Bohemian king would reject the election. 6/10
King Rudolf would demand return of all the properties Ottokar had acquired. Though the Bohemian king would initially resist, he would give up all his realms outside Bohemia in 1276. But, in 1278 King Ottokar would rise again for one last battle. 7/10
The Battle on the Marchfeld would end with the death of the Bohemian king and complete victory for the German king. The lands Ottokar had acquired would be taken over by Rudolf von Habsburg. 8/10
King Rudolf's descendants would continue to rule Austria for many more centuries, eventually adding Bohemia as one of its crown possessions as well. 9/10
The main line of Přemysl dynasty would die out in 1305, but the line of Ottokar's illegitimate son, Nikolaus, would last till 1464, ruling the Duchy of Opava. 10/10
• • •
Missing some Tweet in this thread? You can try to
force a refresh
An English born German Count of Italian origin, who was given as ransom for an English king, a title his family would inherit centuries later ruling it at its zenith.
Wilhelm von Lüneburg was born in Winchester, England in 1184, when his father Heinrich der Löwe was in exile. Though Wilhelm came from the German House of Welf, his paternal ancestors were from the Italian House of Obertenghi, descended from Alberto Azzo d'Este of Milan. 1/10
Wilhelm's father was once the Duke of both Saxony and Bavaria, but had lost most of it after conflict with his cousin, Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa. In 1180, he had gone in exile to England with his wife Matilda, daughter of the English King Henry II. 2/10
A German Knight who grabbed the land of his order and converted away from Catholicism, creating the power base that would propel his family and his new religion to greater heights.
Albrecht von Brandenburg was born in 1490 as the third son of Margrave Friedrich of Brandenburg Ansbach. Like many of his younger brothers, he was also slated for a career in church and became the Canon in Wurzburg, Mainz & Cologne. 1/10
The death of the Hochmeister of the Teutonic Order, Friedrich von Sachsen, brought Albrecht to Prussia. Prussia was ruled by the Order, but under the overlordship of Poland, which was ruled by Albrecht's uncle, Zygmunt. 2/10
Flavius Valens was born in 328 to an Illyrian soldier in Pannonia. Unlike his elder brother Valentinian who was an active Roman soldier, Valens was a virtual unknown, until his brother nominated him as his imperial colleague in the East in 364. 1/10
Valentinian was a consensus choice, acclaimed as Augustus by the troops, when Jovian had suddenly died. Jovian had been Augustus for less than a year and was acclaimed by the troops when Julian died. His major reform was the re-adoption of Christianity as the state religion. 2/10
When Christian was born in 1426, it was not expected he will go on to rule a kingdom, let alone three. His father was the Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst in the Holy Roman Empire and his mother was the daughter of the Count of Holstein Rendsburg and Duke of Schleswig. 1/10
The deposition of King Erik of the Kalmar Union & the sudden death of his successor Christopher in 1448 left a power vacuum in Scandinavia. The Swedes elected Karl Bonde as King Charles VIII, while the Danish crown was offered to Adolf, Duke of Schleswig & Christian's uncle. 2/10
Next is a German courtier whose desire to be part of the German Parliament led to the creation of a present day country, one that is among the top in the world in per capita income.
Karl von Liechtenstein came from a long line of Austrian nobles that traces their origins to the time when Babenbergs ruled Austria. When they died out, they initially backed the Bohemian king who was closely related to the Babenbergs, who granted them Nikolsburg in Bohemia. 1/10
But by 1278 they backed the winning side, the Habsburgs, who ruled Austria till 1918. Over time they gained Feldsberg, also in Bohemia, which served as the base for the House of Liechtenstein till the 20th century. 2/10
I will be writing next about a Byzantine princess who bridged the East West divide and helped setting in motion a religious shift in an Asian nation that has significant geopolitical ramifications even now.
Princess Theodora was the daughter of Emperor Alexios Ioannes IV of Trebizond and his Georgian wife, one of the rump states formed out of the former Byzantine Empire, when it collapsed after the sack of Constantinople in 1204 by the Latin Crusaders. 1/10
Though the Greeks recovered Constantinople in 1261, the Komneni of Trebizond were left largely to fend for themselves, becoming vassals of Georgia and the Horde and with marital alliances with their neighbours. 2/10