Regular reminder that pretty much everything defining the modern energy sector--wind, solar, shale O&G, li-ion batteries, EVs--has its roots in a brief period in the 70s when we actually spent $$$ on R&D. We can and should do it again. Chart from @ITIFdc.
Wind:
"In the United States, in contrast to Denmark, the oil crisis of 1973/4 resulted in a sudden government intervention into wind energy which, paradoxically, was to prove a crucial factor in the growth of Danish firms." hbs.edu/faculty/Public…
Wind:
"Between 1973 and 1988, $380 million of federal was spent on wind turbine development. Following the pattern of AECs funding of civilian nuclear power , the government fully funded large turbines by leading firms, including Boeing, General Electric and Westinghouse."
Solar:
"The U.S. Department of Energy launches the Solar Energy Research Institute“National Renewable Energy Laboratory”, a federal facility dedicated to harnessing power from the sun." www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pdfs/sol…
Solar:
"Public enthusiasm for solar as a solution to the energy crisis was reflected in three of five major bills passed by the 93rd Congress in 1974 for solar, and, for the first time, a major government agency had a separate division for solar energy." energy.gov/sites/prod/fil…
Shale O&G:
"Domestic natural gas production was declining in the 1970s. The gas industry collaborated with FERC to open the Gas Research Institute to develop new drilling and extraction methods, but more work was needed." thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/…
Shale O&G:
"The Eastern Gas Shales Project, an initiative of the federal government, began in 1976. The Project set up dozens of pilot projects with universities and companies testing drilling and fracturing to commercially extract gas from shale." thebreakthrough.org/issues/energy/…
Li-Ion/EVs:
"From origination of DOE’s vehicle R&D program in the mid-1970s, DOE continues to support cross-cutting national lab and university research in electrochemical technology. DOE organized research on the underlying science of Li-ion technology." energy.gov/sites/prod/fil…
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1/Alright, now that everyone is paying attention to geothermal, time to discuss one of the more exciting developments that is driving geothermal growth to become a mainstream resource: the emergence of modern, emission free, low temperature binary cycle geothermal plants. THREAD
2/Geothermal power for a long, long time, since at least 1904 when the Larderello steam field produced 10 kW in Tuscany. But for nearly the first 100 years, geothermal was limited to places like Larderello, extremely high temperature reservoirs. power-technology.com/features/oldes…
3/This is because geothermal power used dry steam of flash technology, and to provide power, the fluid had to have enough steam to directly power a turbine. By contrast, binary cycle plants heat a different working fluid for the power conversion process. (from DOE GeoVision)
1/Ok y’all, this @jasonbordoff piece is just fantastic. His boldest, and in my opinion accurate, claim is that petrostates will be winners of climate change policy. So let’s unpack that with a THREAD. foreignpolicy.com/2020/10/05/cli…
2/The first principle you need to understand is the nature of current oil production and reserves:
Big Oil (Majors) makes the most headlines, but National Oil Companies (NOCs) have the most oil. Big Oil only controls ~10% of global oil reserves. webstore.iea.org/download/direc…
3/And beyond that, not all reserves are equal. Check out WoodMac’s estimate on breakevens by resource. Notice something? The VAST MAJORITY of low cost oil is controlled by NOCs. woodmac.com/reports/upstre…
1/Emissions calculations for different techs have major impact on legislation, regulation, and customer perception, especially for geothermal, but are often not well understood. So today, a THREAD on operational and life cycle emissions, technologies, and how it impacts policy.
2/Some definitions. When we think about emissions for technologies, two common categories are operational emissions, just the emissions released at the source during operations, and life cycle analysis (LCA) emissions, which are all of the emissions in the entire process.
3/This graphic for cars is useful. The operational emissions are what come out of the tailpipe, but the LCA emissions are everything. Mining, manufacturing, fuels, recycling, land use, etc.
1/This excellent NYT piece covers the shift in decarbonization to gas as coal gets phased out.
We’ve been arguing for so long about if gas can be a “bridge fuel”, we’ve missed the point. It’s already been a bridge fuel. But, a bridge to what? THREAD nytimes.com/2020/07/06/bus…
2/How long have we been talking about the “bridge fuel”? Well check out comments from the 1992 Global Warming and the Earth Summit from none other the Kenneth Lay, yes that Kenneth Lay, of Enron fame:
3/This narrative of “bridge fuel” was seized on for decades, championed by folks like Aubrey McClendon (for the uninitiated, Aubrey is to fracking as Elon is to EVs) in conjunction with environmentalists like the Sierra Club as recently as 2010. science.time.com/2012/02/02/exc…
1/It has come to my attention that not everyone is aware of the incredible leadership Houston has shown on climate recently. This ain’t your 1980s Houston anymore. So inspired by @drvox, here is a roundup of some the great climate work from @HoustonTX:
2/First up renewable energy purchases: Houston will be 100% powered by renewable energy by 2025:
3/This is part of a long history of renewable energy purchases. Here is a notable one from 2013 that made Houston the largest municipal purchaser of renewable energy at the time: c40.org/blog_posts/hou…
1/The new drilling rig count numbers today show the historic reduction continuing, but also an increasing divergence of the fate of oil and natural gas. This has important implications on pricing, and as a result the clean energy transition, so, a THREAD.
2/In terms of the clean energy transition, oil mostly impacts adoption of transportation technologies while mostly impacts the electricity sector (simplifying a bit), so you need to understand them separately to evaluate the impacts.
3/Oil and natural gas prices used to be correlated. This interesting chart from @EIAgov shows strong positive correlation between oil and gas throughout the 2000s, followed by essentially no correlation through the 2010s. eia.gov/finance/market…