As the NHS enters what will likely be our hardest ever winter, what about the Nightingales….? is a common question, and for some a retort to news that hospitals are struggling to deliver routine patient care in the face of a rapidly rising patient admissions for COVID-19. 1/10
The speed with which the Nightingale Hospitals were established, and our need to believe in them, has left us with the impression that building a major NHS hospital within a few weeks is a thing we can easily do. It isn’t. 2/10
The old Nightingale style wards had rows of beds down each wall. A few nurses could have sight of many patients, and easily communicate with each other. If a patient has a problem (e.g. cardiac arrest) it is easy to spot and help arrives faster. Photo: Wellcome Collection. 3/10
The Nightingale layout was an obvious choice for temporary field hospitals when staff are limited. In the spring, these were set up across the UK, but opened as the first wave had passed it’s peak. Happily, most weren’t needed. 4/10
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NHS_Night…
We may think of a hospital as a building with beds in it, but it’s much more a large team of very skilled people working alongside each other. There are more than 350 NHS career paths. This from @charlot_summers..… 5/10
theguardian.com/commentisfree/…
The hospital culture of safety and quality cannot be prefabricated. Hospitals aren’t run they are led. Doctors & nurses have been saying this since January when work started on the Huoshenshan temporary hospital in Wuhan. 6/10
bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictur…
Nightingales cannot provide A&E depts, surgery or the advanced diagnostics of a modern NHS hospital. They can’t handle the huge variety of illnesses which may need hospital care and are best focussed on one disease or part of patient care e.g. recovery & rehabilitation. 7/10
This recent thread from Birmingham surgeon @aneelbhangu explains some of the technical challenges and the complex way different hospital departments interact to deliver surgical treatments for patients. 8/10
The CLAP study led by an @EdinburghUni team highlights problems with redeployed staff who don’t know each other, working in unfamiliar environments without the right training or experience. There are risks both to patient care and staff well-being. 9/10
ed.ac.uk/usher/biomedic…
Temporary Nightingale hospitals play a role, ensuring we have a hospital bed for every patient. But they are a last resort for exceptional circumstances, not a quick solution to avoid lockdown or depressurise routine NHS services. We should not use them until we have to. 10/10

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More from @rupert_pearse

1 Nov
As we come to terms with a second lockdown, some reflections on the latest report on Intensive Care admissions for COVID-19 published on Friday. A big shout out to the @ICNARC team and the many ICU staff who collect the data. 1/12
icnarc.org/Our-Audit/Audi…
Patient admissions to Intensive Care with COVID-19 continue to rise steadily. The trajectory is slower than March but still enough to take us to those patient numbers by January. If we don’t stop this rise, even widespread use of temporary ICU facilities will not be enough. 2/12
As expected, ICU admissions currently reflect the heavy impact of COVID-19 on the north of England. Some ICUs are already in trouble. Thoughts with friends and colleagues doing their very best in tough circumstances. 3/12
Read 12 tweets
31 Oct
Routine NHS services under big pressure as COVID hospital admissions rise. We cancelled most surgery in the first wave including many cancer operations. Public, patient groups & doctors arguing strongly to keep surgery going this time. This will be a major issue within days. 1/15
Throughout the NHS, we are desperately trying to avoid another major shut down of services. If you are ill, it is important that you contact your GP or come to hospital just as you normally would. We are busy but happy to see you. 2/15
Sadly, there will be many extra deaths during the pandemic from causes other than COVID-19. Hospitals almost completely shut down in Spring for all but the most urgent cases. Many patients stayed at home when ill, either not wanting to burden the NHS or afraid to come in. 3/15
Read 15 tweets
25 Oct
The suggestion NHS intensive care units thoughtlessly turned away COVID patients purely because of their age is very upsetting. This article quotes ICU doctors off the record but I don't recognise these experiences. We cared for a number of patients aged 80+ on @teamaccu 1/7
A 'triage tool' was developed by @NICEComms but doctors decided not to use it. Instead we fell back on a long standing practice of discussion between experienced NHS consultants (at least three). Patient and family views were always included if possible. 2/7
Being on a ventilator in intensive care is not nice. You wouldn't do it to anyone you loved unless you thought it could help them. But few people outside ICU (doctors or public) realise this and often argue strongly to ventilate patients who have little chance of survival. 3/7
Read 7 tweets
24 Oct
A lot of new data out on treatments for COVID-19. Updating a previous thread with what we know now. Still lots of research ongoing and a few things may change. Much of this world leading research is taking place in the UK, funded and delivered by @NIHRresearch. 1/20
Dexamethasone: A simple steroid drug widely used in many diseases. Shown in @NIHRresearch RECOVERY trial to improve survival for respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (i.e. severe cases only). Probably acts by reducing lung inflammation. 2/20
Hydrocortisone: Another widely used steroid drug. May help systemic (whole body) inflammation in critical (life threatening) illness which some call 'cytokine storm'. @NIHRresearch funded @remap_cap trial suggests benefit in ICU patients but weaker signal than dexamethasone. 3/20
Read 20 tweets
23 Oct
A bit of recent history: The first SARS epidemic in 2002-4 was caused by the virus SARS-CoV which is very similar to the virus causing the current pandemic. The story of the outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong courtesy of Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%8… 1/5
On 21st February 2002, Liu Jianlun and his wife checked into a room on the ninth floor of the Metropole Hotel in Hong Kong. Liu was a doctor at a hospital in Guangdong, China where he had looked after SARS patients. 2/5
Despite feeling ill, he attended a family wedding and they travelled around Hong Kong. By 22nd February he knew was very sick so he walked to the nearby Kwong Wah Hospital. On arrival, he warned staff about his illness and that he should be put in isolation. 3/5
Read 5 tweets
19 Oct
I'm going to discuss this with you, working on the assumption that you are a good person who is either poorly informed or has misunderstood the data. Please be respectful though (not everyone is).
1. There is a second wave but as the graph nicely shows, the rate of growth is much slower this time. Believe me, we are all very relieved about that. But a few ICUs eg Liverpool are already stretched to the limit.
2. I totally give credit to lockdown measures and #HandsFaceSpace for this. Tweet 6/6 in my thread makes that very clear and also our gratitude to everyone for working so hard to make that happen.
Read 8 tweets

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