Sometimes people are victims of the mafia even if it is not the mafia that actually kills them. This is true for Giuditta Milella (17) and Biagio Siciliano (14), who died in tragic circumstances in Palermo on 25 November 1985 [Thread] >> 1
Palermo, Monday 25 November 1985. At 1.30 p.m. the bell rings for the end of lessons at the Liceo Meli school in central Palermo and hundreds of students & teachers stream out of the building and head home >> 2
Many students from northern suburbs of the city, including Biagio (who lives in Capaci, where Giovanni Falcone would be killed in 1992) & Giuditta (who lives not far from via D'Amelio, where Paolo Borsellino would also die in 1992) cross via della Libertà to reach a bus stop >> 3
At that time of day the Palermo traffic is especially chaotic as people head home for lunch and schools close. In Palermo there is an added element to the chaos: the frequent high speed motorcades with sirens blaring as judges are escorted to and from the Courthouse >> 4
In previous years leading antimafia judges, such as Gaetano Costa & Rocco Chinnici, had been murdered on the streets of Palermo, as well as top police investigator Boris Giuliano. Antimafia judges live severely restricted lives and transporting them is a high risk occupation >> 5
The combination of chaotic city traffic, in which drivers often ignore the rules of the road, and high speed motorcades, with drivers under immense stress and continually on edge, on this occasion ends in tragedy >> 6
At 1.35 p.m. a motorcade carrying two top antimafia judges, Paolo Borsellino & Leonardo Guarnotta comes racing along via Libertà with sirens blaring. As it approaches the junction where Giuditta and Biagio are waiting at the bus stop, a car suddenly pulls out in front of it >> 7
The leading Alfa Romeo, carrying 3 Carabinieri can do nothing to avoid the collision, despite attempting to swerve. It hits the car, careers into another and, totally out of control, mows down the group of people, mostly students, waiting at the bus stop >> 8
Biagio dies instantly, Giuditta a week later in hospital. 23 others are injured. Palermo is shocked. People are angry. Initially, anger is directed at the authorities and the newspaper 'Giornale di Sicilia' leads a campaign against Paolo Borsellino, in particular >> 9
Borsellino himself is inconsolable. He spends hours every day visiting injured students in the hospital, neglecting his duties. He only returns to work when the mother of one of the students, who is in a coma, tells him she would never blame him even if her son were to die >> 10
Biagio and Giuditta are considered innocent victims of the mafia because, although they were not killed by mafiosi, what happened was, in the words of Paolo Borsellino, "...a consequence of the conditions in which we live in this city, conditions created by the mafia." // 11.
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23 November 1993, 12-year-old Giuseppe Di Matteo is horse-riding, his great passion, at stables in Altofonte in the province of Palermo. During a break, a group of men in police uniform come up to him, saying they have orders to take him to see his father >> 1
Giuseppe is overjoyed to hear this, as he hasn't seen his father for several months and accompanies the men willingly. His father is living under protection in northern Italy because he is a mafioso who has decided to collaborate with the authorities, a so called "pentito" >> 2
Santino Di Matteo is providing information on many cases, including the murder of Giovanni Falcone. Di Matteo was one of the men chosen by Giovanni Brusca to plan & organise the bomb attack against Falcone. After his arrest on 4 June 1993, he decided to turn state's evidence >> 3
23 November 1993, 12-year-old Giuseppe Di Matteo is horse-riding, his great passion, at stables in Altofonte in the province of Palermo. During a break, a group of men in police uniform come up to him, saying they have orders to take him to see his father >> 1
Giuseppe is overjoyed to hear this, as he hasn't seen his father for several months and accompanies the men willingly. His father is living under protection in northern Italy because he is a mafioso who has decided to collaborate with the authorities, a so called "pentito" >> 2
Santino Di Matteo is providing information on many cases, including the murder of Giovanni Falcone. Di Matteo was one of the men chosen by Giovanni Brusca to plan & organise the bomb attack against Falcone. After his arrest on 4 June 1983, he decided to turn state's evidence >> 3
How an opinion piece entitled "Pietismo fuori posto" (Misplaced sanctimony), published in Italian newspaper 'La Stampa' on 10th September 1938 is relevant to political discourse in the UK in October 2020 [Thread] >> 1
I recently commented on Twitter that Johnson's & Patel's references to "do-gooders" are straight out of the far right playbook, as in Salvini's use of "buonisti" & AfD's use of "Gutmenschen" >> 2
The origin of using such terms to depict those wanting to do good as weak & sanctimonious is to be found in the way the Italian fascist régime described those defending Jews, when Italy's "racial laws" were introduced in 1938, as "pietisti" (a rough equivalent to do-gooders) >> 3
6.40 a.m. on 3 October 2013. A 66 foot long wooden fishing boat is approaching the island of Lampedusa. It left the Libyan port of Misrata on 1 October. It is packed with people (probably 543) below and above deck. Most of them are from Eritrea, a few from Ethiopia [Thread] >> 1
They have been travelling for months, paying $600 to get out of Eritrea, $800 to get to Khartoum, another $800 to cross the Sahara into Libya and, finally, $1,600 to cross the Mediterranean on what, for many of them, would become their coffin >> 2
Many Eritreans flee their country, not just because of poverty. It is a dictatorship in which young men are called up for military service & never know how long it will last. It could even be as much as 10 years. Once it is over, they can be called up again >> 3
At 1.30 a.m., in the night between 13 & 14 September 1943, the various units of Italian soldiers (12,000 in all), mostly conscripts of the Acqui Division, occupying the Greek island of Cephalonia, receive a message from their Commander, General Antonio Gandin [Thread] >> 1
It reads, "General Gandin hereby calls a referendum & invites officers & men to choose from the following alternatives: 1) continue fighting alongside the Germans; 2) surrender; 3) fight against the Germans. Results of the referendum must reach Divisional HQ by 10 a.m. >> 2
To understand what brought about such an unusual order in a military context & the terrible events that ensued as a consequence, we need to first look at what happened from 25 July 1943 onwards. On that date Mussolini was deposed by the Grand Council of Fascism & arrested >> 3
20 August 2011, Maria Concetta (Cetta) Cacciola (31) dies after drinking hydrochloric acid. She had tried to escape from a life of oppression in her family linked to 'ndrangheta but returned out of love for her three children [Thread] >> 1
Cetta is born into a family linked to Pesce-Bellocco clan of 'ndrangheta in Rosarno (Calabria). Her father, Michele, and her brother, Giuseppe, are constantly in & out of prison. She marries at 16 years old, partly to escape her home life & has three children >> 2
It is a loveless relationship. Figliuzzi married her so that he could get into 'ndrangheta. He abuses her. On one occasion, after a particularly violent argument, he threatens her by pointing a pistol at her head >> 3