2/ Does it make sense to include current policies or NDCs across all SSPs? Doesn't the existence of current policies or NDCs begin to preclude some SSPs?
One could use SSP2 (current socioeconomic trends) with scenarios performed with varying SPAs.
3/ This is really a challenge of the SSP/SPA/RCP framework. The three axes are essentially assumed to be independent, this makes theoretical sense but not really practice sense. I understand why that decision was made, but does it make the framework too unrealistic?
4/ The feasibility of SSP5-85 can be discussed (he, he), but the fact that it does not include feedbacks from climate impacts on the economy is ludicrous.
Perhaps the framework allows inclusion of impacts, but literature never does, so it is effectively excluded.
5/ Likewise, theoretically, it is possible to follow SSP5 (fossil fuel world) & get to RCP1.9, but it is pushing the realms of reality (if you ask me).
SSP1 (sustainability) without climate policy 🤔, SSP1 with high growth 🤔 (maybe, but it is not unique).
6/ I do like the SSP/RCP framework for many reasons, but we have to acknowledge it has a few rather strong weaknesses.
I am not going to pretend I have a better alternative. Maybe one alternative is to stop assuming the axes are independent.
7/ I did react to this part of the paper, where it acknowledges the need to include impacts, but the wording is so weak it feels like the authors think it is too hard, impractical, etc (maybe I read too much into the text).
[I would have preferred "let's figure how to solve it"]
8/8 Read the paper, it seems to be open access (for now), and I am keen to hear peoples thoughts... nature.com/articles/s4155…
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1/ "the availability of BECCS proved critical to the cost-efficiency, & indeed the theoretical possibility, of these deep mitigation scenarios, leading to systemic inclusion of BECCS in RCP2.6 scenarios" says @katedooley0, Christoff, @KA_Nicholas
2/ "The incorporation of NETs in IPCC scenarios is one clear illustration of how, as @EstherTurnhout put it, “dominant political discourses compel scientists to create assessments that work within these discourses”..." writes @wim_carton
2/ The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are used as input to Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) & combined with Shared Policy Assumptions (SPAs) to get different forcing levels (RCPs) in 2100. Earth System Models use pathways generated from the IAM SSP/RCP combinations.
3/ Not all combinations are possible. That is, IAMs often cannot solve for some SSP/RCP combination:
* Only SSP5 can get to RCP8.5 in IAMs
* Many IAMs cannot get to RCP1.9 or 2.6 with SSP3, 4, 5
2. I looked into how Shell compares to mainstream scenarios in 2017.
Compared to the quantified Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs, in grey), Shell uses a lot of energy, but the CO₂ emissions are well within the range of mainstream <2°C scenarios RCP2.6.
3. As @wim_carton documents in his paper, Shell uses quite a bit of fossil fuels. A bit more coal than in the average SSP, gas a bit less, oil sort of an average with others with a long tail.
How is it possible to use so much fossil fuel & hit net-zero CO₂ emissions?
We don't need another decade building more complex models that exploit exascale computing, but one that: 1. Better understands & characterizes fundamental conceptual issues 2. Integrates multi-disciplinary knowledge & perspectives
Many presume that inadequacies of current models can be solved with more resolution, more detail, more computer.
But, fundamental questions on the inadequacies of models have note been addressed (eg model structure, initial conditions, nonlinear dynamics, etc)
2/
"Climate economists [have] spent decades attempting to provide ever-better numerical estimates of a benefit-cost ratio... Even if the ECS isn’t strictly fat-tailed, the benefit-cost ratio [is] highly sensitive to ... parameters which suffer from deep uncertainty"
3/
"...although IAMs aim to function as ‘heuristic guides’ to explore strategies, they are in fact performative: they shape the possibility space in which future options for climate action are discussed & thus the content of policy deliberation in international climate politics"
2/
The authors find five phases representing shifts in the position of IAMs in the climate science-policy interface.