"While tail risk of the market index did not move much before the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak, we document that tail risk of less pandemic-resilient economic sectors boomed in advance."
2/ "We compute a measure of [lockdown] resilience based on the capability of a company to implement work-from-home.
"Sectors from low to high resilience are Consumer Staples, Materials, Consumer Disc, Industrial, Energy, Health Care, Utilities, Technology, and Financial."
3/ "In order to not over or underweight the influence of sectors with a really large or little market capitalization, we compute the equally-weighted return of the respective sectors within each specific resilience group."
4/ "The straightforward implication of these plots is that, before the first market drop, investors considered a downturn to be more likely for the less pandemic-resilient sectors rather for the whole market."
5/ "Overall, our option-implied measures of tail risk document a slow response of the market index to the upcoming pandemic crisis. In contrast, a prompt reaction can be detected when examining sectors based on their resilience to social distancing provisions."
6/ "The CDS spreads of the low and middle resilience groups slightly increase before the first market drawdown, then rise substantially between the first and the second market drawdown.
"The CDS spreads of the high-resilience group and the CDX IG barely move over the sample."
7/ "Short-horizon [vertical IV] slope increases substantially, whereas the slopes based on longer-maturity options react with a delay."
Hmm....
8/ Related research:
Volatility Markets Underreacted to the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic (Cheng)
2/ Five major asset classes: Developed equity indicces, emerging equity indices, gvt bonds, commodities, real estate
Trend following = long/Tbill based on MA signals, rebalanced monthly
Risk parity = inverse vol weighting using trailing 12-month volatility
No transaction costs
3/ "Trend following shows considerable risk-adjusted performance improvements compared to their equally-weighted portfolios.
"Long-only trend will underperform buy-and-hold during major bull markets. This is the scenario largely witnessed for bonds during the period of study."
"Short sellers face unique risks, such as the risk that stock loans become expensive or are recalled. Stocks with more short-selling risk have lower returns, less price efficiency, less short selling."
2/ "We calculate the ln of the variance of the daily Loan Fee for each stock over the past 12 months, then project this variable on a variety of lagged firm and lending market characteristics. The predicted value (ShortRisk) represents a trader’s estimate of short-selling risk."
3/ "Short-selling risk is lower for stocks with traded options and higher immediately following an IPO and for stocks with a large number of failures in the securities lending market.
"We use the predicted value from this model as a forecast of short-selling risk."
For trading, policy decisions, the pandemic, and scientists' conclusions (which should almost always be tentative), there is a wide range of reasonable views.
That range reflects the many things we don't know with respect to both theory and application.
1/ Asset Allocation Via Clustering: How Useful Is My Stylebox? Are Most Hedge Funds the Same? (Stock)
"We apply clustering algorithms to asset classes and HF strategies (1990-2020) to investigate cluster stability and compute the returns of risk parity."
2/ "What can machine learning clustering algorithms tell us about which asset classes tend to move together and which have historically stayed further apart? Which hedge fund strategies provide the best diversification in portfolios?"
3/ "We find very little benefit to traditional “style box” diversification over our rolling 3-year periods. While they could make sense to access better alpha, tactical factor exposure, or portfolio beta management, they exhibited only rare opportunities for diversification.
2/ "The implied volatility spread is the average difference of the implied volatilities of the available calls and puts with the same strike price and expiration date.
"The IV skew is the difference between the IVs of an out-of-the-money put and an at-the-money call."
3/ "The high correlations between option-implied and
indicative fees suggest that the option-implied borrowing fees can be useful proxies for the actual stock borrowing fees faced by a marginal investor."