In the 13th century, Pope Gregory IX (#Pope from 1227-1241), believed that cats had Satan himself within them . Following a Papal Bull (essentially laying down #Church doctrine), virtually everyone in Western Europe began to exterminate cats. #Christmas#Christianity
Thousands were accused of #witches or devil worshipers, and either tortured, killed or both. The cat genocide petered out following Gregory death, but the gory tradition remained alive. #Christmas#Christianity
During another witch hunting frenzy in the late 1400s, cats were killed en masse again, as a part of Church’s war against #Satan. Killing of cats on such a massive scale, resulted in a huge increase in rat population in #Europe. #Christmas#Christianity
Many attribute the subsequent outbreak of Bubonic plague, which claimed millions of lives, to the elimination of cats, under Gregory orders. #Christmas#Christianity
The persecution of cats, or at least their images lived on in Elizabethan England, as well, where the queen’s coronation included the burning of a cat - stuffed effigy. #Christmas#Christianity
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#Pope Honorius I (625-638) was condemned and excommunicated for heresy by the sixth general council in 680. Stephen VI (896-89) had the body of his predecessor Pope Formosus exhumed and put on trial (this is the famous cadaver synod) for his unbecoming conduct during his tenure.
Stephen had Formosa's papal vestments removed and two fingers from his right hand cut off. Formosa's' body was thrown into the Tiber. After the synod, public opinion turned against Stephen. He was deposed in an uprising and strangled to death.
Then there was John-12 (955-964) who died a mysterious death, after having been accused of adultery & turning his pontification into a whore house. However, he had more than his match in Benedict-9 to the only man 2 have served as Pope for 3 discontinuous periods, beginning 1032.
However, #Pope Julius l decision to steal a pagan event and re-launch it under a Christian brand didn’t go well with a large section of devout #Christians. There were instances, when Christian authorities put a stop to #Christmas celebrations.
In 1659, the Massachusetts Bay colony banned #Christmas, as in subject to criminal prosecution and a fine of five shillings (now, about $ 8000) as part of its efforts to "reform" and 'Purify' the church by purging it of the idolatry and ceremonial excesses.
Earlier, in the 1640s, #England underwent a revolution that drove king Charles I from his throne (and ultimately to the headman's block) and established a #Puritan Commonwealth.
.@ImranKhanPTI जिस "नए #पाकिस्तान" की बात करते है- क्या वह कभी मूर्त रूप लेगा? शायद नहीं, क्योंकि इस इस्लामी राष्ट्र की वैचारिक पृष्ठभूमि- काफिर, कुफ्र और इस्लामी कट्टरवाद के इर्दगिर्द घूमती है।
यदि इन तीनों मूल्यों को पाकिस्तान बरकरार रखता है, तो न ही उसका चरित्र बदलेगा और ना ही भारत व गैर-मुस्लिम (हिंदू सहित) के प्रति व्यवहार में कोई सुधार आएगा। यदि #पाकिस्तान इन मूल्यों का त्याग कर देता है, तब उसके लिए एक अलग राष्ट्र के रूप में जीवित रहने का कोई औचित्य ही नहीं रहेगा।
सच तो यह है कि भारत और उसकी सनातन, बहुलतावादी संस्कृति से स्वयं की अलग पहचान स्थापित करने के लिए ही पाकिस्तान का निर्माण हुआ था, जिसे आज भी "काफिर-कुफ्र" की अवधारणा से प्राणवायु (ऑक्सीजन) मिल रही है- जिसमें गैर-मुस्लिम ही नहीं, अपितु मुस्लिम भी मजहबी उत्पीड़न के शिकार हो रहे है।