"Hinc via, Tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad undas.
turbidus hic caeno vastaque voragine gurges
aestuat, atque omnem Cocyto eructat harenam.
portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat
terribili squalore Charon, cui plurima mento...
"canities inculta iacet, stant lumina flamma,
sordidus ex umeris nodo dependet amictus.
ipse ratem conto subigit velisque ministrat
et ferruginea subvectat corpora cumba,
iam senior, sed cruda deo viridisque senectus."
Virgil, Aeneid 6.295-304
'From here winds the road which leads to the waters of Tartarean Acheron.
Here, choked with mud and of abyssal depth, a whirlpool
Seethes and spews its sand into the Cocytus.
A grim ferryman tends these waterways - Charon -
Garbed in foul squalor, with a chin bristling with...
'Countless unkempt hairs; yet his eyes blaze like flames,
Though his engrimed garments dangle from his shoulders by a knot.
Alone he punts his barque, alone he tends the sails,
Conveying the souls on his rust-coloured raft:
Old now, but old age for a god remains hardy and green.'
The Image at the head of this brief thread is 'La Barca de Caronte' by José Benlliure y Gil, 1932 (Museu de Belles Arts de València: 805).
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Oh, sod it... I can't stay non-ancient all day, so for an #EpigraphyTuesday thread here's a very quick little offering.
So here's a bronze Etruscan helmet that was dedicated in the sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia.
Image: British Museum (1823,0610.1)
The piece is thought to be a trophy dedicated at the sanctuary in the aftermath of the Battle of Cumae in 474 BC, where the Syracusans under Hieron defeated the Etruscans.
The inscription in Syracusan Greek would translate as:
"Hieron, son of Deinomenes, and the Syracusans, [dedicated] to Zeus Etruscan [spoils] from Cumae."
Ancient Coin of the Day: A couple of days early for his birthday, but here's a sestertius of Titus from AD 80-81 showing the Flavian Amphitheatre, also known as the Colosseum. #ACOTD#Titus
As Titus' reign was so brief, he "achieved little remarkable" (Dio 66.25.1), but one major event that did fall within the course of his reign was the dedication of the Flavian Amphitheatre.
The Reverse of this coin shows much of the detail of the building, including the statues and shields displayed in the arches of the Amphitheatre - as well as giving an impression of the host of Romans gathered within. One can also see the Meta Sudans in the left of the field.
"Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci
personat, adverso recubans immanis in antro.
cui vates, horrere videns iam colla colubris,
melle soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam
obicit. ille fame rabida tria guttura pandens...
'The immense Cerberus barks loud for his three throats,
Shaking the very realm, squeezing his bulk into the cave opposite.
The Sibyl, seeing the snakes bristling on his necks, throws
To him a honeycake, but one steeped in soporific elixirs.
Ancient Coin of the Day: For his birthday, let's use today's thread to take a look at the coinage of Galba, starting with this lovely aureus of AD 68-69 from the mint at Tarraco. #ACOTD#Galba
Although Galba's reign was brief, he at least demonstrated that he understood the power of numismatic messaging. Thus his coinage was well-crafted with powerful messages of righting Rome and putting the empire back on track.
The Obverse of this coin shows a rather severe laureate portrait of Galba with the simple Legend GALBA IMPERATOR - 'Galba, Victorious Commander'. The simple nomenclature here is often cited as evidence that this coin was issued prior to his formal acclamation by the Senate.
"ventum erat ad limen, cum virgo, “poscere fata
tempus” ait: “deus, ecce, deus!” cui talia fanti
ante fores subito non vultus, non color unus,
non comptae mansere comae, sed pectus anhelum,
et rabie fera corda tument, maiorque videri...
"nec mortale sonans, adflata est numine quando
iam propiore dei."
Virgil, Aeneid 6.45-51
'They had come to the threshold, when the maiden cried out:
"The time has come to consult the oracles:. The god, behold the god!"...
'As this voice filled her in front of the doors, suddenly
Neither her face nor her complexion was as it should have been;
Her hair fell in disarray, her breast heaved heavily,
Her heart swelled in wild frenzy and she seemed to grow taller...
"praeterea, si nona diem mortalibus almum
Aurora extulerit radiisque retexerit orbem,
prima citae Teucris ponam certamina classis;
quique pedum cursu valet, et qui viribus audax
aut iaculo incedit melior levibusque sagittis,...
"seu crudo fidit pugnam committere caestu,
cuncti adsint meritaeque exspectent praemia palmae.
ore favete omnes et cingite tempora ramis.”
Virgil, Aeneid 5.64-71
'What is more, if the ninth Dawn should raise a kindly day
For mortals, illuminating the earth with her beaming,...
'I shall decree games for the Trojans: first a race of swift ships;
Then to see who is the fleetest of foot; and who - bold in their
Strength - darts better with javelin and light arrows;
Or who has faith in his brawling, hands bound in rawhide straps...