[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
New thread: The Benefits of Bats!
Bats are vital parts of natural ecosystems and provide numerous ecosystem services to us. In this thread, we'll talk about these benefits. Grab your popcorn (or grape...) and enjoy!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #1: Insect pest control!
Many bats eat insects, including agricultural pests that damage crops. A 2011 study in @ScienceMagazine estimated that bats save the US agricultural industry ~$23 BILLION PER YEAR by eating pests! biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/bat_…
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #1: Insect pest control!
Another study of bats in corn fields of Illinois showed that bats suppress corn earworm larvae and direct damage to corn, saving corn farmers an estimated $1 billion annually across the globe.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #1: Insect pest control!
In yet another study from Thailand, one bat species may prevent the loss of 2,900 tons of rice (i.e. rice meals for about 26,200 people) annually, thus contributing to local food security.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #1: Insect pest control!
These insect-eating bats can eat thousands of insects in a night (up to HALF their body weight!) so you can imagine what our skies would be like without #bats (Hint: CHOCK-FULL of insects😱)
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #1: Insect pest control!
What about controlling pesky mosquitoes? Bats do eat them but they aren't usually a main food (not meaty enough). BUT...the presence of bats can reduce the number of egg clutches laid!
Next up we have #pollination! 🌻 Bats pollinate over 500 plants worldwide, including bananas, cacoa (chocolate!!), mangos, and agaves, which we use to make #tequila! 🥳 Some of these plants are exclusively pollinated by #bats.
Here's an awesome video by @SmithsonianChan with some super close-up views of bats gorging on cactus and agave nectar with their long tongues! Without bats, there would be no tequila!
Think hummingbirds & butterflies are good pollinators? #Bats may have them beat! Bats often get more covered in pollen & therefore spread more pollen. Check out the pollen loads on the bat vs. hummingbird
#Bats also fly much longer distances than other pollinators. Lesser long-nosed bats can fly 30+ miles from their roost to feed, spreading pollen among distant agave populations & keeping the plants genetically diverse & healthy.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #3: Seed Dispersal!
The 3rd ecosystem service of #bats is seed dispersal 🥑 Bats that eat fruit ingest the meaty pulp/juice & spit out or poop out the seeds. These grow into new plants! Bats are critical for regrowing places like rainforests.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #3: Seed Dispersal!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #4: Technological Advances
Now some less well-known bat benefits! #Bats are inspiring technology that enhances our everyday lives. E.g. bats' echolocation is inspiring novel artificial sonar tracking & navigation systems ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #4: Technological Advances
In another example, new "smart canes" that echolocate are helping visually-impaired people. The cane senses the environment & vibrates to let the user know about obstacles.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #5: Medical Advances
#Bats are also inspiration for medical devices & treatments. Vampire bat saliva (it's NOT "venom"...) contains peptides that could revolutionize treatments for hypertension, heart failure, & burns.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #5: Medical Advances
Nectar bat tongues have papillae that become erect to trap nectar when feeding. These "hairy" tongues that change shape may provide inspiration for future surgical devices & medical robots.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #5: Medical Advances
#Bats may be key to everlasting youth! Despite being small with high metabolisms, bats live WAY longer than expected (41+ YEARS), resist DNA degradation, & rarely get cancer. Let's learn from them!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Why do we need to help #bats? ~1/3 of bat species worldwide are endangered, vulnerable, or "data deficient" (i.e. more conservation attention is needed for the species). That's a lot of species that need our help!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
In North America, one of the most devastating threats to bats is White-nose Syndrome, caused by a fungus in hibernation caves that kills up to 99% of a colony. Only 10% of the once-abundant Little brown bat remains 😰
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Cool Bat Fact #1: The Smallest Bat
Let's start with the smallest & biggest bats in the world
The smallest #bat is a Kitti's hog-nosed bat (aka Bumblebee bat) from Thailand, the size of your thumb tip & weighing less than a penny!
📸: Yushi & Keiko Osawa
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Cool Bat Fact #2: The Biggest Bat
The largest bat is a Golden-crowned flying fox from the Philippines. It has a wingspan of up to 6 feet, but weighs only about 2 pounds. Also, it only eats fruit! 🍑🍍🥭🍌
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Today I'd like to start by talking about a topic that has received more attention recently: bats & diseases.
[A thread]
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Do bats carry more viruses than other animals? A recent study suggests there are many viruses hosted by bats simply b/c there are many species of bats, not because they are more inherently dangerous to humans than other mammals. pnas.org/content/117/17…
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] #Bats are AMAZINGLY adept at not getting sick from viruses. Unlike us, bats have mechanisms that reduce viral replication & dampen immune response to viruses. The result: their immune systems control viruses but they don't get sick. sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/…
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] Time for some Bat Basics! 1) There are over 1400 species of bats. Look at some of the amazing diversity!
Yellow-winged bat (Dan Logen/Bat Conservation International); Spectacled flying fox; Eastern red bat; Mexican long-nosed bat (both J. Scott Altenbach)
@BatsForLife [Tweet by @BatsForLife] 2) Bats are found on every continent except Antarctica in all habitats except polar regions, extreme deserts, and some small islands. There are bats in Alaska, Siberia, Hawaii (the only native mammal in the state!), and all over the world!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] 3) Bats can fly but are not birds. They are the only true flying mammal ("flying" squirrels just glide🙂). They are also NOT rodents or even very closely related to rodents. So no more calling them "rats with wings"!
Before we take flight with loads of bat info, I’d like to introduce myself & share a little about what it’s like getting to work with bats all around the world! Short answer: it’s AWESOME!
Check out a video from @CBSUnstoppable for some of what I do as a bat conservationist!
I get asked A LOT how I got started in #BatConservation. My journey began as a kid, when I relished watching for #bats during night hikes with my @girlscouts troop. Then in 6th grade I built and put up bat houses for my #SilverAward project. It’s never too early to get started!
Speaking of #BatHouses, check out these links for info on what makes a good bat house, tips for installation, and how to buy or build your own. (More bat house info to come later this week!): batcon.org/about-bats/bat…
The use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to study the impact of specific interventions, has over the last decade become a dominant methodology in development microeconomics
However, some argue that socioeconomic RCTs do not test hypothesis rooted in theory and ignore mechanisms of causality
For example,
"In 2006, approximately 1,300 men and women were tested for HIV. They were then offered financial incentives of random amounts ranging from zero to values worth approximately four month’s wages if they maintained their HIV status for approximately one year..."