[Tweet by @BatsForLife] Time for some Bat Basics! 1) There are over 1400 species of bats. Look at some of the amazing diversity!
Yellow-winged bat (Dan Logen/Bat Conservation International); Spectacled flying fox; Eastern red bat; Mexican long-nosed bat (both J. Scott Altenbach)
@BatsForLife [Tweet by @BatsForLife] 2) Bats are found on every continent except Antarctica in all habitats except polar regions, extreme deserts, and some small islands. There are bats in Alaska, Siberia, Hawaii (the only native mammal in the state!), and all over the world!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] 3) Bats can fly but are not birds. They are the only true flying mammal ("flying" squirrels just glide🙂). They are also NOT rodents or even very closely related to rodents. So no more calling them "rats with wings"!
📸: Marianas flying fox by Yushi Osawa
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] 4) Bat moms do not have litters; most give birth to ONLY 1 PUP PER YEAR!! That's one reason why conservation is so hard: it takes a LONG time to rebound populations.
Check out this video of a bat mom with her pup! @SmithsonianChan
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] 5) Some bats are mostly solitary, but many are colonial & roost in groups small (several bats) to large (thousands to millions).
Curious how bat moms find their pups among thousands of others? Check out this video by @NatGeoWild!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] 6) So where exactly do #bats live? Yes, many do live in caves. But others live in tree hollows, under bark, hanging from tree branches, in rock crevices, in buildings, or under bridges! 🏔️🌳🏠🌉
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] 7) What do #bats eat? Most (~70%) eat insects. Others eat fruit & others eat nectar from flowers. Some hunt/eat animals like frogs, fish, & other mammals. Only 3 species out of 1400+ are vampire bats that eat blood.
📸: J. Scott Altenbach
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] Final Basic Bat Fact before we move on to bats' benefits! 8) "Blind as a bat" is a TOTAL myth! ALL bats have eyes and can see better than us at night. Some (but not all) also use echolocation to help them navigate even better.
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Cool Bat Fact #1: The Smallest Bat
Let's start with the smallest & biggest bats in the world
The smallest #bat is a Kitti's hog-nosed bat (aka Bumblebee bat) from Thailand, the size of your thumb tip & weighing less than a penny!
📸: Yushi & Keiko Osawa
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Cool Bat Fact #2: The Biggest Bat
The largest bat is a Golden-crowned flying fox from the Philippines. It has a wingspan of up to 6 feet, but weighs only about 2 pounds. Also, it only eats fruit! 🍑🍍🥭🍌
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Today I'd like to start by talking about a topic that has received more attention recently: bats & diseases.
[A thread]
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Do bats carry more viruses than other animals? A recent study suggests there are many viruses hosted by bats simply b/c there are many species of bats, not because they are more inherently dangerous to humans than other mammals. pnas.org/content/117/17…
[Tweet by @BatsForLife] #Bats are AMAZINGLY adept at not getting sick from viruses. Unlike us, bats have mechanisms that reduce viral replication & dampen immune response to viruses. The result: their immune systems control viruses but they don't get sick. sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/…
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
New thread: The Benefits of Bats!
Bats are vital parts of natural ecosystems and provide numerous ecosystem services to us. In this thread, we'll talk about these benefits. Grab your popcorn (or grape...) and enjoy!
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #1: Insect pest control!
Many bats eat insects, including agricultural pests that damage crops. A 2011 study in @ScienceMagazine estimated that bats save the US agricultural industry ~$23 BILLION PER YEAR by eating pests! biologicaldiversity.org/campaigns/bat_…
[Tweet by @BatsForLife]
Benefit #1: Insect pest control!
Another study of bats in corn fields of Illinois showed that bats suppress corn earworm larvae and direct damage to corn, saving corn farmers an estimated $1 billion annually across the globe.
Before we take flight with loads of bat info, I’d like to introduce myself & share a little about what it’s like getting to work with bats all around the world! Short answer: it’s AWESOME!
Check out a video from @CBSUnstoppable for some of what I do as a bat conservationist!
I get asked A LOT how I got started in #BatConservation. My journey began as a kid, when I relished watching for #bats during night hikes with my @girlscouts troop. Then in 6th grade I built and put up bat houses for my #SilverAward project. It’s never too early to get started!
Speaking of #BatHouses, check out these links for info on what makes a good bat house, tips for installation, and how to buy or build your own. (More bat house info to come later this week!): batcon.org/about-bats/bat…
The use of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to study the impact of specific interventions, has over the last decade become a dominant methodology in development microeconomics
However, some argue that socioeconomic RCTs do not test hypothesis rooted in theory and ignore mechanisms of causality
For example,
"In 2006, approximately 1,300 men and women were tested for HIV. They were then offered financial incentives of random amounts ranging from zero to values worth approximately four month’s wages if they maintained their HIV status for approximately one year..."
So I decided not to talk about vaccines today. Instead, I will be talking about clinical trials more broadly. I know quite a bit about vaccines but not enough to call myself an expert. And expert opinion is needed right now. So imma stay in my lane.
I worked doing project management for clinical trials during my gap year between undergrad and grad school. It was boring but I learned a lot
A clinical trial is seen as the best was to find a causal link between two variables