Not that directly impacts exporters. As we know tariffs are paid by importers, but it affects competitiveness.
2. Process
Is pretty much the same. Unless you need an origin certificate or there are other trade policy measures in place.
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But the process has to be the same. Part of non-discrimination. So the act of exporting is clearly defined.
3. Regulatory requirements
Here it's more about behind the border barriers and things like SPS controls. This is where the difference is.
And it's significant
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Borders
When compared to no deal the deal changes very little in terms of border procedures. All formalities and checks will still be required.
Reminder - we're not starting from 0 here – both our container ports and our ro-ro ports are already congested
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On top of that, all the issues related to border readiness: lack of capacity and space, IT systems not ready, shortages of customs agents, treader readiness – have not been solved.
Claiming origin.
Two ways for traders to claim origin under the EU-UK deal:
1⃣ Self-certification by the exporter (standard) – normally requires an authorisation, I’m hearing that might not be needed for UK-EU trade – waiting for guidance or more info
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2⃣ Self-certification by the importer (new(ish), in the EU-Japan deal and some continuity deals). UK importers have little experience with this one, but helpful guidance available given initial uncertainty around using this form of certification
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What normally happens is that a claim for preferential origin is made at the time of import i.e. certificate demonstrating that the goods meet rules of origin is presented with the goods.
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There are usually options to claim preferential treatment afterwords. Retrospectively. But only in special circumstances.
This is possible under domestic legislation (amending customs declarations)
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While we're all digesting the details, quick point
There are two separate questions here:
1⃣ Is this a good deal for the UK vs what we had
2⃣ Is this a good FTA
And I think we should focus on the latter
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We’ve known the answer to the first question for years. The economic impact of an FTA is preferable only to a no deal outcome. But we’ve also known that these were the two option on the table for a while now.
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While I understand the sadness of losing so much, that actually happened a while back. And if you look at the EU list of what we've lost, most of it was to be expected