Wanted to address this one-dose, two-dose vaccination question. NO ONE to my knowledge is suggesting that one dose only be given; suggestion was whether 2nd dose could be given later to allow current supplies of 1 dose to vaccinate more. What would be evidence for this?
In the AstraZeneca/Oxford trial, Lancet paper did not mention this but the data presented to UK showed that extending time between doses led to MORE immunogenicity. Here is slide below (12 weeks >9 weeks >6 weeks) Image
Known in vaccine world that we don't want too short of an interval between doses, okay to give booster shots after a long time (which is why - if childhood vaccines have gaps- we just start where we left off, not repeat). Why 2 doses better than one? To build memory immune system
Okay so you will say - but trial design of Pfizer/BioNtech was 3 weeks between doses; Moderna was 4 weeks between doses; AztraZeneca was supposed to be 4 weeks but ended up going LONGER (12) in the half dose/full dose group. Indeed, longer interval implicated for more efficacy in
the half dose/full dose group (not the half dose thing). The 3 week/4 week interval in Pfizer/Moderna is not because that led to more immunogenicity but because shortest interval chosen because trials understandably in a HURRY! Lives depended on those trial results.
Extending interval not only likely harmless, could lead to more immunogenicity like in AztraZeneca trial. In terms of "resistance", immune system is not like a bacteria confronting selective drug pressure from a lower dose of an antibiotic. It will respond to the foreign protein

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More from @MonicaGandhi9

8 Jan
Pfizer study shows vaccine should work against this B.1.1.7 UK and South Africa variant of SARS-CoV-2. mRNA sequence in Pfizer vaccine likely propietary but Pfizer took a virus with the N501Y mutation and tested it in plasma of 20 vaccine recipients
apnews.com/article/intern…
The blood from these 20 people who got the vaccine were able to "neutralize" (kill, basically) the virus which means vaccine should work against this mutation. Now, the S. Africa strain has other mutations so more need to be tested but it is a good study! Also, if a variant does
arise that the vaccine may not work against, the mRNA technology can apparently easily be "tweaked" to help a modified vaccine work against a new variant. To explain this a bit more, you know how we need an influenza shot every year? This is because influenza A has two proteins
Read 9 tweets
3 Jan
Wanted to give 6 little tidbits on vaccines:
1) Know U.S. roll-out has been slower and I think will start becoming faster now after holiday
2) Designs of all 3 trials summarized before (Pfizer/BioNtech, Moderna, AztraZeneca) has primary outcome of preventing symptomatic disease &
secondary outcome of preventing severe infection. All 3 performed well, meaning almost ALL of the severe infections were in placebo arms. That is goal - to prevent what is scary about #COVID-19, severe outcomes
3) Pfizer/BioNtech vaccine needing -70 C temps slowing roll-out
Moderna likely to hasten roll-out
4) AztraZeneca data (with weekly swabbing) indicates that vaccines prevent asymptomatic transmission as well so unlikely to spread it after vax
5) Makes sense vaccines will prevent asymptomatic & symptomatic disease as antibodies/T-cells
Read 4 tweets
31 Dec 20
Since the UK just approved the AstraZeneca/University of Oxford COVID-19 vaccine today, I wanted to summarize the results of the interim analysis of their Phase 3 trials published in Lancet on December 8 with some slides:
thelancet.com/journals/lance…
This slide shows you that t...
Image
Read 10 tweets
31 Dec 20
Back to testing and the paper from my excellent colleagues at UCSF! Mass testing campaign- Among 3,302 persons tested for SARS-CoV-2 by rapid antigen (BinaxNOW) & RT-PCR, rapid assay sensitivity 100% using RT-PCR Ct thresholds of 30- specificity 99.9%.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33367619/
This think is SUCH an important pivotal paper! Discussion "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic control calls for fast, low-barrier, high-performing field assays.. US has purchased 150 million BinaxNOWTM cards, yet ..use to date has been limited.. our data show that these tests are readily ..."
deployed in a field setting at scale for children & adults.. can rapidly identify persons with high levels of virus including thosewho are asymptomatic..leading to immediate public health action". Okay so if this has a very low false positive rate (0.01%) and high sensitivity
Read 7 tweets
21 Dec 20
Have been musing on ACIP recs all day. To be clear, 1a is health care workers & long-term care facilities (maybe 5 weeks); 1b is those >75 yrs and front-line essential workers (firefighters/police; teachers; food & agriculture like processing plants/farm labor; public transit,
grocery store, postal service, correction workers, manufacturing (out to 10 weeks maybe but 1c will start before); 1c is those 65-74 years; those 16-64 years with high-risk conditions (on other CDC website listed as cancer, chronic kidney disease, COPD, heart conditions, organ
transplant, obesity, sickle cell disease, smoking, pregnancy, type II diabetes); and essential workers not represented in 1b (transportation, food service, construction, finance, IT and communications, energy, media, legal, public safety, water/wastewater); phase 2- all else
Read 4 tweets
19 Dec 20
The U.S. has been the epicenter of the pandemic since March 26, since two weeks after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11. This is due to failed federal response, but not all because of that but because of structure of this country, which fractures responses
and decisions to counties/states/local levels. Everyone had different responses but we are all connected so one response affects another. Also, we failed to protect workers &poor so when openings occurred or even during shutdown, people of course had to work to survive
These weaknesses of our system will hopefully be strengths when it comes to vaccine distribution as that is the only way to get out of this now and local/state/counties distributing will hopefully be effective. Remember, #Moderna vaccine had 36.5% representation from communities
Read 21 tweets

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