Por que a política americana é tão polarizada?

Uma maneira interessante de explicar as profundas divisões políticas nos EUA é analisar como o colapso da União Soviética eliminou a ameaça existencial que ajudava a estabilizar a política norte-americana. 🧵👇
A grande maioria dos analistas viu no fim da Guerra Fria um triunfo histórico dos EUA. À primeira vista, a década de 1990 lhes dava razão: foi um período marcado por um boom econômico nos EUA e muita confiança de um país que se via, pela 1ª vez na história, sem rival no planeta.
Em retrospectiva, porém, ficou claro: o colapso da URSS plantou na sociedade norte-americana a semente da polarização destrutiva, hoje uma marca registrada da política contemporânea dos EUA.
Livre de preocupações sobre a sobrevivência do país, o tom na política mudou para pior. Carente do grande projeto nacional de derrotar o comunismo, a política começou a priorizar intrigas que apequenaram a elite política dos EUA.
O processo de impeachment de Bill Clinton em 1999 —do qual seria absolvido pelo Senado depois—indicava uma abordagem de vale-tudo e a demonização dos opositores. Como escreve Janan Ganesh, “o fim da Guerra Fria foi uma vitória da qual os Estados Unidos nunca se recuperaram.”
A última vez em que um candidato à presidência dos EUA ganhou mais de 400 votos no Colégio Eleitoral foi em 1988, quando George Bush pai, piloto da Força Aérea na Segunda Guerra Mundial, com longa experiência de política ext, venceu na vasta maioria dos Estados norte-americanos.
Não se trata de uma coincidência. Desde então, todas as eleições presidenciais revelam um país profundamente dividido, com ambos os lados acusando o outro de inimigo da pátria, cuja vitória representaria o fim da república.
Não surpreende, tampouco, que mais presidentes tenham sofrido processos de impeachment desde o fim do confronto ideológico com os soviéticos do que nos primeiros dois séculos da república estadunidense.
Nesse contexto, a ascensão da China e a emergência de uma guerra fria entre os EUA e esse país asiático teriam o potencial de ajudar a sociedade americana a superar suas profundas divisões, que hoje representam ameaça à estabilidade política do país?
brasil.elpais.com/opiniao/2021-0…

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More from @OliverStuenkel

13 Jan
Em 20 de janeiro, quando Joe Biden tomar posse como 46º presidente dos EUA, Jair Bolsonaro perderá o único aliado internacional relevante que lhe restava, deixando o Brasil ainda mais isolado. 👇🧵
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How is it possible that Maduro is still in power, despite Venezuela's collapse? While it’s tempting to describe him as crazy or erratic, a closer analysis reveals that Maduro operates according to a clear – and effective – set of principles. 👇🧵
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It of course also helped that the US government has, paradoxically, done everything possible to strengthen Maduro. Trump never cared about regime change in Venezuela. The goal of his Venezuela policy was to win in Florida in 2020. He succeeded.

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