🔹No, the pardons can't be overturned
🔹Corrupt pardons can be prosecuted as a separate crime
🔹Trump can't pardon himself, so if he pardons all the insurrectionists, he'll be left to take all the blame
🔹He'll hurt his chances of acquittal in the Senate
On the other hand, not pardoning them creates a problem for him because the insurrectionists might start to realize they were duped, and he needs his base.
You'd think some of his supporters will realize that he set them up: He encouraged them to commit a crime (assuring them they're saving the country) and then left them to face prison.
The idea is to take down a criminal organization by getting the Kingpin.
I stand by my earlier statement that this is a misreading of the pardon clause.
The scholars I am familiar with (and trust) say this is a misreading. I agree with them. There is an alternative viewpoint out there, which I disagree with.
Once upon a time, when criminal law was different, the pardon power served an important purpose.
For clarity:
I think there are good arguments for overturning a certain kind of corrupt pardon, for example: "Kill that person and I will pardon you." After the murder, the murderer is pardoned. The counterargument is that the pardon is valid but other crimes are prosecutable.
Conviction isn't needed. Famously, Ford pardoned Nixon.
Accepting a pardon is also not a sign of guilt: A good use of pardons is to get an innocent person to of jail when new evidence emerges but there is no procedural way to release the person.
This is a bit out of sequence, but if anyone wants more information about the way the impeachment clause is largely* interpreted by scholars, see: takecareblog.com/blog/regrettab…
*I say "largely" because not everyone agrees, as the article explains.
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No laws can protect a democracy if a clear majority of the citizens decide they no longer want a democracy because they will keep electing officials who will destroy rule of law.
The conservative dilemma, in a nutshell is this: Conservatives tend to represent the wealth and powerful corporations, therefore the policies they advocate are not appealing to the majority of people.
In other words, they will have trouble winning elections.
2/
In the years since 1954, the Republican Party, while calling itself conservative, solved the conservative dilemma by bringing white nationalists and KKK types into the party, coddling them for their votes while trying to keep them on the sidelines.
3/
The problem facing the House Managers (prosecutors):
How to win a conviction when some of the jurors (and judges) are at least partly responsible for the crime?
The answer: they must win first in the Court of Public Opinion, which is where Senate Trials are mostly conducted.
Senate trials are a political-legal hybrid.
They're partly a legal proceeding. It's called a trial, and the authority comes from the Constitution.
But the judges and jurors are elected officials and therefore answer to their constituents.
The framers did this on purpose. . .
. . . they considered giving the trial to the Supreme Court, but instead gave it to Congress. Because the president was elected, they wanted to make sure any conviction had popular support.
If McConnell did hold a trial immediately, I doubt it would result in Trump being removed much sooner. Trials take time. Clinton's lasted a month, and Trump's term ends on Wednesday at noon (Seems like years away, right?)
The underlying crime in this case is complicated and will take time to present. (Of course, Clinton's trial was filled with annoying Republican grandstanding about how shocked they were--shocked, I tell you--at Clinton's immoral behavior.
2/
These are different kinds of proceedings.
Even if you could conclude the trial in a week, you wouldn't actually be removing Trump any earlier than the end of his term.
Moreover, rushing a trial seems silly. We need all the evidence presented.