Oh King Edward III, it’s adorable that you think you can just decree that servants and laborers become permanently content with wages fixed at the rate they were at five years ago. gph.is/1Uy1VKJ (I.xi.e.2) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
He’s already digressing, and he can’t take a minute to share the menu from that famously magnificent feast with us? (I.xi.e.4–5) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Super Important 18thC Vocab Geekery: When Smith says the price of the quarter of wheat wasn't “supposed to be < 4 oz silver” he doesn’t mean “shouldn't be.” He means “wasn't thought to be.” He’s not approving of fixed prices. (I.xi.e.7) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
So. Many. Wheat. Prices. (But really, Smith is talking about how much wheat it takes to buy a quantity of silver, NOT how much silver it takes to buy a quantity of wheat.) (I.xi.e.1–14) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Is silver more expensive because demand is going up? Supply is going down? Or a mixture of both? (I.xi.e.14) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
And it *was* getting more expensive, though people thought it wasn’t. They were misled for three reasons. (I.xi.e.15–16) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
1. Rents were paid “in kind”(with chickens or corn instead of money) that’s called a “conversion price” which is set below market price to protect tenants. People often confuse conversion and market prices.(I.xi.e.17) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
2. Slovenly and lazy copyists who don’t get the details right.[We are here for the #SmithSnark, which is some of the best snark.] (I.xi.e.18–22) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
3. Assuming that because the lowest ancient price for wheat was very low, the price never got very high. In fact, the ancient market was volatile and “disorderly,” not uniformly cheap. (I.xi.e.23) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Oh hey, did you want to know all the available prices of wheat from 1202 until 1601, in 18th century money, in 12 year periods? Smith’s got your back. (I.xi.e.24) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Data shows the price of silver rising, and Smith is confused/annoyed that so many historians/economists have interpreted it as falling. (I.xi.e.24) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
“It is somewhat curious that, though their opinions are so very different, their facts...should coincide so very exactly.” Could this be the first instance of an economist gobsmacked that people interpret data differently? (I.xi.e.24) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Labor is the real measure of value of silver and all commodities. But...is it, though? (I.xi.e.26) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
The important thing is not to be misled into thinking that as the quantity of silver increases, the price will decrease. That’s “altogether groundless.” Demand is a thing, folks. (I.xi.e.33) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Smith keeps saying that money naturally seeks the best available price for itself. Aristotle is over here with his head exploding. (I.xi.e.34) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
“When we are in want of necessaries we must part with superfluities.” THAT might be one of the best pieces of advice--financial or otherwise—we’ll ever get. (I.xi.e.38) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Ya know what? Let's just press on and do the second period of silver prices real quick. Not even Smith can go on for that long about it. (I.xi.f) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Everybody agrees that the discovery of the silver mines in America caused the value of silver to crash relative to the value of corn. Smith is about as sure of this as he ever is of anything. You can, as it were, take it to the bank. (I.xi.f.1–5) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
And that’s it for everything interesting between 1570 and 1640 apparently. Your early modernist SmithTweeter is pouting but will proceed on apace tomorrow, to the Third Period of the Digression. (I.xi.f.1–5) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
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When last we spoke, we learned that nothing interesting happened to silver prices between 1570 and 1640. Maybe people were too busy creating great literature? Anyway, Silver prices rose again between 1640 and 1700, for a lot of reasons.(I.xig.1) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
War makes everything expensive, especially corn. Cornfields become battlefields, and ploughshares become swords. (Reminder: "corn" is a catch-all term for "the staple crop(s) of the population") (I.xi.g.3) #ItsAllCorn#WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Does anyone else feel like #AdamSmith has been talking about Rent for a really long time already? Like 525, 600 minutes, maybe? Here we go again! #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
So land that produces food will always produce rent. (Yes. We are still talking about rent. We are talking about rent forever. This is our life now.) (I.xi.d.1) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
The more food we produce, the more people can be alive! 🎉The more people, the more demand for stuff. And so the production of food, which always pays rent, supports the production of everything else that can pay rent. (I.xi.d.1) #RentRentRent#WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
If you're a keener, you might have observed yesterday that people need more than just food. Like, say, clothing and shelter. #AdamSmith is ON IT. (I.xi.c.2) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Before land was improved, there was lots of material for clothing and housing, but not enough food for all the people. Once the land is improved to grow food, clothing and shelter become scarce (and valuable). (I.xi.c.3) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
OK! It's time for #WealthOfNations Book I, Chapter 11! Which is longer than all of Book II. Are you ready? Are we ready? Can anybody really be ready? #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
And it's all about...the rent of land, or the price paid for the use of the land where production takes place. Gripping! It's naturally a monopoly price, says Smith. (I.xi.a.1,5) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
You might think, says Smith, that the rent of land is partly the result of improvements to the land (I.xi.a.2) but you'd be wrong. #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Yesterday #AdamSmith said things work pretty well when people have perfect liberty to choose a trade and where to practice it? In this half of the chapter he specifies the ways people aren’t at perfect liberty, and whose fault it is. (I.x.c.1) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
And (spoiler) it's government policy’s fault! They restrain competition in some places, increase it in others, and obstruct free movement of labor. (I.x.c.2) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
Many government restraints on competition are “as foolish as can well be imagined.” Like how coachmakers can’t make the wheels for coaches, but wheelmakers can make coaches. (I.x.c.9) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets
If a society has perfect liberty and if workers are perfectly free to choose, they will naturally move to the most advantageous forms of employment. Those are some big ifs, but we can be 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿 at this, if not perfect. (I.x.a.1) #WealthOfTweets#SmithTweets