1/8

Due to the high gas price, Ethereum fees are higher than ever.

My latest research piece focuses on one of the ways to reduce fees — gas tokens.

As usual, the piece contains many insights and charts, but here are a couple of thoughts.

Enjoy👇

theblockcrypto.com/genesis/91670/…
2/8

Gas tokens work by reducing the gas amount used by a transaction (gas refund).

The mechanics are as follows: a smart contract is created at a low gas price together with a token, which is then destroyed at a high gas price.
3/8

Until recently, the most popular gas token was GST2.

Token creation and destruction peaked in March 2020, when the market reached a local bottom.

This peak can be explained by the widespread use of this token by arbitrageurs and 1inch.
4/8

In May 2020, 1inch released a more optimized version of GST2 — CHI.

Due to the Summer of DeFi, gas prices rise, which provokes the tokens minting by speculative traders and arbitrageurs.

At the moment, CHI has already surpassed GST2 in popularity and is not going to stop.
5/8

However, it’s not necessary to use tokens to receive a gas refund.

The main thing is to add the mechanics of creating and destroying contracts to any smart contract.

Many professional arbitrageurs are doing exactly this, reducing the gas amount to create smart contracts.
6/8

Earlier concerns were raised that gas tokens could corner the Ethereum fee market.

But right now, less than half a percent of all gas is used for creating refund contracts, indicating an insufficient positive feedback-loop for negative consequences.
7/8

At the same time, earnings on gas tokens are real.

There is a decent number of traders who issue and sell CHI tokens in a single transaction.

Also, during times of high gas price volatility, CHI is often traded below fair value.
8/8

The gas refund is essential for on-chain traders to remain competitive, and the most successful ones are mentioned in this piece.

It is unlikely that after EIP-1559, something will change for traders since the fee still depends, among other things, on the gas spent.

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More from @FrankResearcher

21 Jan
1/5

Let’s go back to Curve’s SynthSwap and use a real example to calculate the benefits of using it for large trades.

Due to the way Synthetix works, trades using Virtual Synths are divided into two transactions. Consequently, people using SynthSwap carry certain price risks.
2/5

The first transaction:
1) 9M USDT swapped to 8.95M sUSD through Curve sUSD v2 pool (0.5% negative slippage)
2) 8.95M sUSD swapped to 6.69k sETH through Synthetix Exchange (0.3% fee) Image
3/5

The second transaction took place 37 minutes after the first:
3) 6.69k sETH swapped to 6.71k ETH through Curve sETH pool (0.3% positive slippage)

So in this trade, ETH price was $1,341. For comparison, CoinGecko gives us $1,330.6 as ETH price, but what about the slippage? Image
Read 5 tweets
19 Jan
1/7

Today is the time for another piece from the DeFi governance games.

And since the gas price is breaking another all-time-high, it's time to discuss how gasless voting and Snapshot work.

theblockcrypto.com/genesis/90887/…
2/7

Just look at the cost of governance participation for the protocols discussed in the previous series.

Do token holders really have any incentive to participate if they are spending $10+ on voting, which they may not be interested in at all?

I don’t think so Image
3/7

Earlier, it was already mentioned that Compound governance framework provides an opportunity to perform gasless voting using EIP-712.

However, the infrastructure using these signatures for governance is just beginning to evolve. Image
Read 7 tweets
10 Jan
The significant growth in new weekly Twitter followers affected not only crypto exchanges but also many others.

For example, the new weekly followers of coin accounts have reached levels of early December 2017.
Interest in cryptocurrency wallet providers and popular sites like Coinmarketcap is at the level of early February 2018.
The Twitter accounts of data providers and research companies did not have a long history back then.

At the moment, indicators of interest in them are breaking historical records.
Read 4 tweets
8 Jan
1/6

Shortly, Curve will start supporting a new @synthetix_io feature - ‘Virtual Synths.’ Presumably, this will open the door to infinite liquidity for large trades.

Along with this, Synthetix Exchange had record trading volumes a few days ago.

But is everything so good? Image
2/6

A week and a half ago, @lawmaster noticed that all these volumes belong to a few specific addresses.

For some reason, these addresses were using the new ‘Multi-Collateral Loans’ feature, although they were not receiving any visible profits.

3/6

Without these “wash” traders and the DeFi summer mania we experienced, volumes on Synthetix rarely exceed 1 million.

And to a great surprise, people rarely use DEX aggregators to trade “synth-synth,” despite the ads.

Read 6 tweets
29 Dec 20
1/7 Let’s take a look at the addresses that exploited bugs in @CoverProtocol today.

Specifically, those addresses that able to receive more than 100 COVER using the exploit.👇 Image
2/7 Grap Finance (0x000075), who performed a white hat attack, creating 40 quintillion COVER.

Only 72.9k tokens were sold through 1inch, Sushiswap, and Uniswap for 4.3k ETH.

ETH was returned to the Cover team, and the remaining tokens were sent to the ‘ecrecover’ address. ImageImage
3/7 Cover Exploiter 1 (0x5d8d9f), in turn, was the first to be noticed for an exploit.

They could mint 11.7k COVER, which swapped with 1Inch for 83.46 WBTC, 866.3k DAI, and 1.5k ETH.

All funds received in the amount of $4.4M are located at the new address. Image
Read 7 tweets
26 Dec 20
1/6
Currently, 49% of addresses eligible to claim $1INCH tokens have done so.

They took 75% of what was originally available on a $1INCH distributor smart contract. This is primarily because many big claimers are liquidity providers, and they needed to create markets. Image
2/6
The chart shows the distribution of the first actions which were taken by the wallet owners with all their 1INCH tokens.

Only 19% are holding tokens or stake them in the @1inchExchange ecosystem.

Almost 25% of wallets sold all their tokens at once after a claim. Image
3/6
29% transferred all their tokens to another address. This is because these are mainly additional user wallets.

The “Others” includes wallets that performed actions with parts of the claimed tokens, such as sending tokens to several addresses or selling them in parts.
Read 6 tweets

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