Insulin drops dramatically during the first 24 hours of fasting, which enables lipolysis, or the breakdown and exit of fat from fat cells.

Lower insulin may account for most of the benefits of intermittent fasting. Image
Obese women have less of a decline in insulin during fasting than lean women.

Might partly explain why they're obese in the first place: they can't properly access fat stores from fat cells, making them hungrier. Image
Changes in metabolism during fasting. Lipolysis increases dramatically, and ketone bodies appear. Image

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More from @Mangan150

21 Feb
Resistance training has huge health benefits, including preventing disabilities, and decreasing risk of heart disease and cancer.

"virtually all the benefits of resistance training are likely to be obtained in two 15- to 20-min training sessions a week."

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Strength training: single vs multiple sets
If lifting to failure, a lower load resulted in similar muscular hypertrophy as a heavier one.

journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.11…
Read 5 tweets
19 Feb
Calorie restriction is the surest, most potent method of slowing aging extending lifespan in animals - and, presumably, humans.

Why?

Thread👇
Over 85 years ago, Clive McCay discovered that by feeding his lab rats much less than they would eat on their own, they lived longer - a lot longer.
academic.oup.com/jn/article/140…
Since then, calorie restriction (CR) has been repeated thousands of times, and is the only non-genetic method that has extended lifespan in every species tried.

Clearly, CR targets a process or processes fundamental to living things.
Read 12 tweets
17 Feb
Serum albumin, a protein measured by a common lab test, has a large inverse relation with mortality.

Why?

Thread👇
In very old people, albumin was a more important risk marker than traditional risk factors such as HDL, LDL, and HbA1c.
nature.com/articles/s4146…
"serum albumin concentration is inversely related to mortality risk in a graded manner over its entire range"

in both healthy people and those with acute or chronic illness.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Read 10 tweets
16 Feb
The high consumption of seed (vegetable) oils could play a significant role in severe Covid disease, and might even explain between-country variation in mortality.

Thread👇
Omega-6 fatty acids are abundant in seed oils and their consumption leads to a pro-inflammatory state, in turn leading to a cytokine storm which is associated with Covid mortality.
Excessive consumption of linoleic acid, the most abundant component of seed oils, leads to imbalanced tissue fatty acids.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28535956/
Read 13 tweets
29 Jan
An underlying cause, or effect, or both, of aging, is inflammation.

This is so characteristic of aging that it's been dubbed "inflammaging". Image
Where does the inflammation come from?

Could be from "garb-aging", the presence of molecular garbage, or from bacterial LPS.
journals.plos.org/plosone/articl…
Inflammation in general is mediated by prostaglandins in turn derived from arachidonic acid.

Resolvins, which dampen inflammation, are made from omega-3 fatty acids. Image
Read 7 tweets
26 Jan
Stanford study reveals immune driver of brain aging

Blocking PGE2 reverses mental decline, restores brain metabolism.

But where does PGE2 come from?
eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2…
PGE2 is made from arachidonic acid, in turn made from membrane phospholipids.

The composition of membrane phospholipids depends on the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in the diet.
The more omega-6 that people consume, the greater the amount of arachidonic acid in cell membranes.

More omega-3 (from fish or fish oil), the more DHA in membranes and less AA.
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Read 5 tweets

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