You may have heard that learning a second language makes you smarter, but more recent careful work, including meta-analyses of 157 studies, has found no advantage in any cognitive dimension for learning additional languages. 
Similar negative news on chess. Previous work found that teaching kids chess improved a whole lot of outcomes, from math to logic to academics.... except that these studies were generally small. A large randomized trial with 4,000 students finds no advantages to learning chess.
But learning to code does actually improve other academic outcomes. 👇
https://twitter.com/emollick/status/1360074261264818177
Also learning to play an instrument doesn’t boost any other cognitive or academic skills: “engagement in music has no impact on people’s non-music cognitive skills or academic achievement.” (But you still learn to play an instrument & music is good, too!) psyarxiv.com/7s8wr/
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