Hormesis is a fundamental concept in biology, and in health and disease.

Importantly, you can use hormesis deliberately to improve your own health and live longer.

What is hormesis?

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Hormesis is a process in which exposure to a low dose of a toxin or stressor that is damaging at higher doses induces an adaptive beneficial effect on the cell or organism.

Hormesis is ubiquitous in living things.
Hormesis is fundamental to living organisms' ability to survive and thrive against the assaults of the environment

Hugo Schulz discovered hormesis in 1884 when he noted that yeast cells grew better in the presence of low doses of chemical disinfectants.
Hormesis is characterized by a "biphasic dose-response curve", with low dose stimulation and high dose toxicity.

E.G. the effect of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, on the growth of a bacterium.
Many forms of hormesis are relevant to human health.

The best example is exercise.

Not enough exercise is damaging, as is too much exercise.

The right amount results in stress resistance and better health.
Radiation

Radiation increased the longevity of British radiologists

birpublications.org/doi/abs/10.125…

Lower rates of cancer in an area with high background radiation onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.111…
Cold exposure

Improved antioxidative protection in winter swimmers
academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/…
Phytochemicals, e.g. sulforaphane, found in broccoli

The phytoprotective agent sulforaphane prevents inflammatory degenerative diseases and age-related pathologies via Nrf2-mediated hormesis
sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
A lifestyle with the addition of hormetic stress is healthy.

The opposite lifestyle is the couch potato, leading to obesity and diabetes.

Excess food, lack of physical activity: in short, the lifestyle of most people today.
Hormetic stresses are essential for long life and good health.

Comfort is antithetical to them.

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More from @Mangan150

1 Mar
Linoleic acid, the main component of seed oils, increases endogenous cannabinoids and promotes weight gain

At 8% of dietary energy, which is around the level Americans consume.

aocs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10…
New study: Fat tissue from obese people has higher levels of omega-6 (seed oils) and higher levels of endogenous cannabinoids.

Omega-3 (fish oil) can normalize cannabinoid levels.

portlandpress.com/clinsci/articl…
An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity

Hyperactivity of the cannabinoid system may be one mechanism

mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/3/…
Read 4 tweets
26 Feb
63.5% of U.S. Covid hospitalizations were due to obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure.

In other words, conditions almost entirely avoidable.

ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.11…
88% of Americans have at least one metabolic abnormality.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver in a "healthy" population ages 28-70 was 46%.

NAFLD is closely linked to obesity and eating garbage food.

gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-…
Read 4 tweets
25 Feb
Coffee induces autophagy, the self-cleansing process that rids cells of junk molecules, in vivo

Inhibits mTOR, which leads to longer life.

Both caf and decaf. Health benefits.

tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.416…
In liver and muscle, but not heart, tissue, regular coffee induced autophagy more strongly than decaf, indicating a possible independent effect of caffeine.

"Coffee ingestion causes global deacetylation of proteins and hence mimics caloric restriction"
Indeed, "caffeine surprisingly is a potent stimulator of hepatic autophagic flux"

Caffeine reduces liver fat and stimulates β‐oxidation (fat burning) in hepatic cells and liver by an autophagy pathway

Which means it treats fatty liver

aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.10…
Read 9 tweets
25 Feb
Muscle has an underrated role in health and disease.

Targeting increased muscle mass and improved muscle metabolism is critical.

Resistance training and adequate high quality protein are essential.

The mainstream doesn't get this.

academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/8…
A single bout of exercise increases levels of the powerful longevity protein klotho.

The smaller increase in the elderly is likely due to lower muscle mass.

Get and keep muscle for long life.
Read 5 tweets
21 Feb
Resistance training has huge health benefits, including preventing disabilities, and decreasing risk of heart disease and cancer.

"virtually all the benefits of resistance training are likely to be obtained in two 15- to 20-min training sessions a week."

sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Strength training: single vs multiple sets
If lifting to failure, a lower load resulted in similar muscular hypertrophy as a heavier one.

journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.11…
Read 5 tweets
20 Feb
Insulin drops dramatically during the first 24 hours of fasting, which enables lipolysis, or the breakdown and exit of fat from fat cells.

Lower insulin may account for most of the benefits of intermittent fasting. Image
Obese women have less of a decline in insulin during fasting than lean women.

Might partly explain why they're obese in the first place: they can't properly access fat stores from fat cells, making them hungrier. Image
Read 6 tweets

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