Rumoured to be the illegitimate son of a King, this young Prince would switch to the side of an enemy nation, when the enemy's capital was under siege. He would lead the resurgence of his new nation, but his student would break its back.
Eugene François de Savoie was born in 1663 to Eugene Maurice de Savoie, Count of Soissons, and Olimpia Mancini. Eugene belonged to a cadet branch of the House of Savoy, but their allegiance was to France. Olimpia was the niece of Cardinal Giulio Mazzarino. 1/10
The Cardinal was the First Minister of France from 1642 to 1661. He was also the de facto ruler of France when King Louis XIV was a minor. The close attachment of King Louis and Olimpia led to a rumour that Louis was Eugene's father, a rumour which Louis denied. 2/10
But Olimpia's role in Affaire des Poisons led her to flee France, leaving Eugene with his grandmother, Marie de Bourbon-Condé. In 1683, the King denied Eugene entry in the French army. His elder brother, Louis Jules, was at the time busy defending Vienna from the Ottomans. 3/10
Eugene went to Vienna after his brother's death in battle. He was attached to the unit of Duke Charles Leopold de Lorraine. Young Eugene distinguished himself in battle as Vienna was freed from the siege and he received commendation from both his commander and the Emperor. 4/10
The Habsburg counter attack led by Duke Charles brought the Hungarian capital Buda back to Habsburg rule in 1686, and was followed by victory at Mohács in 1687. Prince Eugene added more fame to his prowess. But injury at Belgrade and Mainz set him back. 5/10
The War of the Grand Alliance saw the Prince join his second cousin, Duke Victor Amedee of Savoy. But vary of increasing Habsburg influence in Savoy, the Duke changed sides and the Prince had nothing much to write home about from the war. 6/10
Eugene was back at the eastern front in 1697. As the Ottomans marched to recover Transylvania, the Habsburg forces intercepted them at Zenta and the Prince led them to a great victory. The war would formally conclude in 1699, initiating the long collapse of Ottoman Empire. 7/10
The death of King Carlos II of Spain led to a succession war between the French Bourbons and the Habsburgs. Eugene presided the Imperial War Council and achieved victories at Blenheim, Oudenarde, Malplaquet & Turin, at times in partnership with Duke Churchill of Marlborough. 8/10
The Habsburgs gained all the Spanish possessions in Europe, except Spain which went to a junior line of the Bourbons. France were the dominant power in Europe till 1700, but Eugene brought back Habsburg power. Duke Victor Amedee became King and so did the Duke of Prussia. 9/10
Soon, Eugene was up against the Ottomans, with victories in Petrovaradin in 1716 and Belgrade in 1718. He was on call as a diplomat in the 1720s, but was called on for one last war, over Poland, where a young Prussian Prince named Friedrich learnt the art of war from him. 10/10
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François-Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville was born in 1628 to François de Montmorency, Count of Bouteville, and Élisabeth Angélique de Vienne. Born posthumously, he was raised by a relative, Charlotte de Montmorency and her husband Henri de Bourbon, Prince de Condé. 1/10
Henri de Bourbon's son, Louis de Bourbon, was one of major generals of France. Though François-Henri was physically weak and hunchbacked, he grew under Condé's wing. Siding with Condé in the Fronde as a rebel, François-Henri went on exile after defeat. 2/10
A prince destined for greatness, heir to an empire where the sun never set, including one nation still named after him. But his autocratic style would lead to his dominion's collapse, though well after his death.
Felipe was born in 1527 to Holy Roman Emperor Karl and Isabel de Portugal. Emperor Karl was also the King of Spain, Naples, Sicily and Sardinia, Lord of Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries and Archduke of Austria. Isabel was the daughter of the Portuguese King. 1/10
In 1542, a Spanish explorer arrived at an archipelago in Asia, which he named after Felipe. The archipelago later became a Spanish colony for centuries. Between 1554 and 1556, Emperor Karl divided his realm between his son Felipe and brother Ferdinand. 2/10
Elizabeth was born in 1533 to English King Henry VIII & Anne Boleyn. Henry had married Anne after breaking away from the Roman Church, annulling his earlier marriage. Unable to sire a male heir, Henry had Anne killed in 1536 for treason, declaring their marriage invalid. 1/10
Though the invalidation of the marriage made her illegitimate, Elizabeth grew up as a princess of England. The birth of a brother in 1537 relieved the inheritance stress on her father and their father's death in 1547 brought young Edward to the throne. 2/10
A new monarch inheriting a mighty nation on the verge of an embarassing defeat, a reformer who reformed too much or too little and an assassination to end all of it.
Aleksándr Nikolayevich was born in 1818 to Nikolai Pávlovich and Princess Charlotte of Prussia. His uncle's death in 1825 brought his father, Nikolai, to the Russian throne. The young Tsarevich grew in a Europe of revolutions, exposed to ideas not common for Russian princes. 1/10
Emperor Nikolai saw the beginning of the slow end of the Ottoman Empire as the Balkan states broke away from it, at times with Russian help. The occupation of Danubian principalities by Russia in 1853 saw Ottomans declare war against Russia. Russia responded in strength. 2/10
A prince brought to the throne by the people who killed his father. Pushed into a continental war that would see the burning of his nation's most famous city, he would leave behind a crown that no one wanted.
Aleksándr Pávlovich was born in 1777 to Pavel Petrovich and Maria Feodorvna. Pavel was the son of the Russian Empress Ekaterina II. Unhappy with her son's views, the Empress tried to get Aleksándr nominated as her heir, bringing him tutors from across Europe. 1/10
As a result, Prince Aleksándr was exposed to liberal ideals at a young age. When his grandmother died in 1796 however, it was his father Pavel who succeeded. But the rule would not be long. Unpopular in Russia, he would be killed by a group of nobles in 1801. 2/10
An heir destined to rule two nations, but becoming King in another three and uniting them under a single monarch (for most part) for the next 400 years.
Władysław was born in 1456 to Kazimierz, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania and Elisabeth von Habsburg. Władysław's mother was the sister of Ladislaus, King of Bohemia, Hungary & Croatia. As the eldest son among 6 (and 5 sisters), he was educated to become a ruler. 1/10
When Ladislaus died childless in 1457, Władysław's parents attempted to claim the thrones. Their claims were rejected, and Hungary (and Croatia, since their crowns were in union) elected Mátyás "Corvinus" Hunyadi as King, while Bohemia elected Jiři Podiebrad. 2/10