This pandemic recession has been brutal for many Singaporeans, especially those that have been displaced from long-held jobs. But such displacements predated #COVID-19; technological advances and trade globalization mean this trend is set to continue. (1/n)
This means that what is needed is an end-to-end jobs safety net. At the back end, the Professional Conversion Program and SkillsFuture help workers reskill, while cofinancing via the Jobs Growth Incentive makes it more palatable for employers to take on retrained rookies. (2/n)
But there is more limited support at the front end. Immediately after losing their jobs, there usually isn’t any immediate relief for retrenched workers. While such insurance payouts aren’t huge, they are often very welcome help at a difficult time. (3/n)
It’s true that such insurance would ultimately be funded by workers themselves. There are benefits to this, from a fiscal sustainability perspective, but also costs, since premia would come out of worker paychecks. (4/n)
But that’s the nature of all insurance plans. Still, support comes at a time when cash flow is needed, and not everyone can lean on family or savings. For those lucky enough to never need payouts, they indirectly contribute to the welfare of their less-fortunate countrymen. (5/n)
Because such risk pools are at their best when they are large and diversified, a single government-run system is typically most efficient. To get the scheme going, government can seed the initial pool, but it would thereafter be self-funded. (6/n)
In Minister Teo’s reply, she acknowledged that redundancy insurance can provide useful income relief, and that MoM has not foreclosed this option. This is very heartening, as the #workersparty has been making this case for half a decade. (7/n)
Indeed, had a system of unemployment insurance been in place before COVID-19, we would have had to dip less into surpluses and reserves to provide relief. Wouldn’t a systematic scheme be better than ad hoc solutions that have to be enacted every time we face a recession? (8/n)
This is a policy framework whose time has come. We hope that a tripartite workgroup can be formed to explore the feasibility of an end-to-end jobs safety net, to help workers today, and tomorrow. #makingyourvotecount (n/n)

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More from @jamuslim

4 Mar
I first experienced financial markets as a young boy, going to the stockbroking firm my mother worked at in the evenings and on Saturday morning (Mom often worked late, and we didn’t have a helper until my sister was born, so this was early-80s-style childcare). (1/n)
My first few temporary jobs were also in the back offices of different financial firms. That’s what got me interested in international finance to begin with, a field I would write several theses about and go on to get a PhD. It is my (intelectual) first love. (2/n)
Although I now ply my trade at a university, most of my career has actually been outside of academia; in a think tank, an international financial institution, and a sovereign wealth fund. Each offered a different perspective on financial markets, which I value deeply. (3/n)
Read 11 tweets
3 Mar
Working in a research-focused
institution, one becomes keenly aware of the importance of innovation as a driver of technology and productivity, which in turn is a source of growth and development. (1/n) Image
Indeed, economists widely acknowledge that sustained, long-run growth is only possible with technological improvements. This is the case with old-school (Solow-style) growth models, as well as newer (Romer-type) “endogenous” growth models. (2/n)
But by the same token, economists know remarkably little about what gives rise to innovation. Ideas, of course, but the field is largely silent about the generation of new ideas (other than assuming that they may arrive via some random process). (3/n)
Read 13 tweets
2 Sep 20
A free rider, as defined in economics, is an individual (or group) that reaps the benefits of the actions of others, without paying the cost (or underpaying for it). It is a form of market failure, and characterizes nonexcludable goods (those whose use cannot be restricted).
In his opening address to the 14th Parliament, PM Lee spoke of a number of issues. Many points he made were thoughtful, and drew on his deep experience in government, and as Prime Minister. I appreciated his insight and candor.
PM Lee also suggested (and I paraphrase) that the argument that voting for the opposition because others will still return the PAP to power is what the economist will associate with being a free rider.
Read 8 tweets
26 Jul 20
I spent the largest part of my professional career thus far at the @WorldBank. During that time, I was involved in formulating policy for a wide variety of nations, both democratic, and less so. So FWIW, here are some thoughts on the policymaking process in a democratic society.
For good or ill, decisions made by the majority (or representatives of that majority) apply to all citizens in the country. One may individually disagree. If so, the time to debate a policy’s merits is prior to enactment. But once policy becomes law, all are compelled to follow.
It would thus be profoundly undemocratic (and discriminatory) to apply a given policy selectively to a segment of the population, unless of course the segment were the explicit target of the policy (think maternity leave for mothers only, or min wages for the low-income only).
Read 11 tweets
14 Jul 20
There has been some pushback against the claim, from our #workersparty manifesto, that min wages is sound policy. Let me begin by emphasizing a position I've held from the start: min wages is not unabashedly good policy. But it is a good start that is also evidence-based.
In social sciences, there is seldom unambiguous evidence. Studies can yield different results, which is why continued research is important & policies should be based on the overall literature. That's why I mentioned that many papers since Card-Krueger corroborate its findings.
The best way to aggregate and evalute the totality of results is to rely on meta-analyses, which are studies of studies. Meta-analyses take the existing results out there, and ask if there are systematic conclusions we can draw from the literature. So let's look at these.
Read 13 tweets
8 Jul 20
One of the issues I have repeatedly raised in my campaign speeches this #GE2020SG has been the problem of stagnant productivity. I see poor productivity growth as the most critical economic challenge that the country will confront in the decades ahead. Why is this so important?
Because in the long run, the only way to ensure sustainable growth in our output and incomes per capita is through improvements in productivity. But because it is a technical subject, people tend to shy away from discussions about the matter. I think that this is a mistake.
It's useful to start with some definitions. The simplest definition of productivity is output per worker. So if I can make two hammers in an hour, and my colleague only makes one, I am twice as productive my coworker. All else equal, I should be paid twice as much in wages.
Read 15 tweets

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