Update from @my_helix SARS-CoV-2 surveillance program

Check public.tableau.com/profile/helix6…

🧵 with FL, TX, GA, CA & MA + results on identification of B.1.351 & P.1 !!

FL: B.1.1.7 is ~40% of positives. 📈 about as predicted

Absolute numbers of B117 up despite overall 📉 in cases
2/
Texas

March 3: B117 were ~30% of positive tests.
26% with 5-day avg.

Absolute numbers of SGTF (a great proxy for B117 now) also going up despite big decrease in overall cases (as seen overall in US)

Note: this is only based on Helix data
3/
Georgia

March 3: B117 represents ~26% of positive tests.

Absolute numbers of SGTF (a great proxy for B117 now) also going up despite big decrease in overall cases (as seen overall in US)
4/
California

March 4: B117 is 27% of positives but 5-day avg is lower at 18%.

Absolute numbers of B117 do go up despite the big decrease in number of total cases, but it is perhaps less striking than FL, GA or TX.
5/
Massachusetts

MA is so interesting because in Nov & Dec it had a STABLE 3-5% of tests that were SGTF (S gene target failure). These were NOT B.1.1.7 (they were B.1.375 and other lineages with H69del).

As soon as B117 was detected in early Feb, fraction of SGTF started 📈
6/
Info on other variants

B.1.351 : variant of concern first identified in South Africa
4 cases: 1 in CT, 1 in FL, 1 in GA, 1 in NC

P.1 : variant of concern first identified in Brazil
3 cases: all in FL

All the data: github.com/myhelix/helix-… (thanks @simonjwhite71 @Maglaar)
7/
Other vars NOT of concern

B.1.525: 25 times incl. 10 in GA

Defining mutations include:
S:E484K
S:H69delV70del -> it is a SGTF (keep in mind)
Orf1a:9bp del also seen in B.1.1.7, B1.351 & P.1

Is it of interest? Do we know if the 9bp del in Orf1a has impact?

@firefoxx66 source: https://cov-lineages.org/global_report_B.1.525.html
8/
Source for screenshot ☝️ cov-lineages.org/global_report_…

Curious to know who decides (& how) whether a variant is of interest.

& is there a resource gathering functional info on mutations outside Spike protein?
Orf1a 9bp del?
N:M1X?
etc
do they matter?

@K_G_Andersen @trvrb

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More from @alexbolze

2 Mar
Data drop from @my_helix SARS-CoV-2 surveillance

Check any state public.tableau.com/profile/helix6…

Or download from github.com/myhelix/helix-…

To see if large vaccination effort can keep overall cases from📈again -> important to monitor FL

See @ScottGottliebMD for perspective
2/
With overall number of cases 📉 quickly => important to look at % of positives that are B1.1.7
AND also the evolution of the absolute number of B1.1.7

Can do this based on Helix numbers,
or by multiplying % from Helix by overall number of cases reported by states and CDC
3/
CA: % of positives that are B117 now ~15-17%

Increase in absolute numbers of B117 is slower (compared to FL).
Still N of B117 is not decreasing, unlike the non-SGTF SARS-CoV-2 variants including B.1.429 & B.1.427 who are decreasing fast.

Note: Y-axis truncated in right 👇
Read 6 tweets
1 Mar
Response to live-attenuated vaccines is a great way to study human response to infectious diseases.

Great paper from @casanova_lab studying 8 patients with life-threatening disease after live-attenuated yellow-fever vaccine.

rupress.org/jem/article-ab…
2/
Live-attenuated Yellow Fever vaccine is very safe & given to more than 600 million people.

But less than 1 in 100,000 have very severe disease after. And we know it is the same vaccine. So why?

Note: the COVID vaccines are NOT live attenuated vaccines.
3/
5 of 8 had defects in type 1 IFN response.

- 2 had autosomal recessive loss-of-function variants in IFNAR1 & IFNAR2.

- 3 others had auto-antibodies to type 1 IFN. At high concentration, plasma of patients inhibits addition of IFNa2 in cells and virus can grow. See 👇
Read 4 tweets
24 Feb
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data from @my_helix updated on Github and Tableau.

public.tableau.com/profile/helix6…

Last collection date:
- Feb 20 for testing
- Feb 7 for seq

Florida: >20% of positives are B117 📈

🧵 with more results incl. B1429
2/
You can see the raw numbers for FL here: github.com/myhelix/helix-…

Screenshot with numbers.
- results based on many (>100 positives per day)
- clear that now ~100% of SGTF are B.1.1.7 in FL.

Rise of B.1.1.7 following what was shown in UK, Denmark & other places.
3/
B117 also on the rise in California.

~ all SGTF are B117
- On Feb 20 (not looking at Feb 21 that is incomplete data): 17% of positives are SGTF.
- 12.8% 5-day avg.
Read 7 tweets
24 Feb
Love @GeneticsSociety journal club series

Today @jacobkitzman presented work to *functionally* test ~all possible missense variants in MSH2.

=> important to provide accurate information to people about their risk for Lynch syndrome

paper: sciencedirect.com/science/articl…

quick 🧵
2/
Variant interpretation is a limiting step for genomic medicine.

Most missense variants are classified as VUS (aka we have no clue what to say to the individual who carries it)

Best way would be to test them experimentally but that is hard!
3/
@jacobkitzman & team functionally tested >16,000 missense vars in MSH2.

16,000! 94% of all possible missense in gene. And ~100X more than all vars tested so far (& in literature)

=> 90% of missense were neutral.
Read 4 tweets
18 Feb
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance by @my_helix update

- New dashboard: you can check all lineages now
Random ex: B.1.1.64 in 4 states (note: I don't know anything about this variant).
public.tableau.com/profile/helix6…
- SGTF info up to Feb 15
- Seq info up to Jan 30

🧵 with more results
2/

Of the variants of concern, so far we only identified B.1.1.7 (666 times up to Jan 30). No B.1.351 and no P.1

We identified many B.1.429, a variant of interest. It represents about 20% of the sequences we do every day. But sampling is still biased for SGTF
3/

To assess fraction compared to non-SGTF sequenced, you can also get that info from the 2 files on Github with ALL of the data.

Check it out
github.com/myhelix/helix-…

- Info on >300,000 positive tests in last 2.5 months
- Info on 2,843 sequences (2/3 are random non-SGTF)
Read 9 tweets
15 Feb
SARS-CoV-2 surveillance data from @my_helix is here: github.com/myhelix/helix-…

Stats on
>300,000 positives from last 4 months
2,503 sequences (1/3 SGTF, 2/3 random non-SGTF)

🧵on vars of concerns & interest in 7 states

>2% of positives are B.1.1.7 in: CA, FL, GA, PA & TX
@my_helix tests (PCR tests) in all states & all available on Github.

Analysis here limited to states with >100 positives PER DAY (and with N gene Cq<27) in December & January.
7 states: CA, FL, GA, IN, NC, PA, TX.

AZ, MA, MI were just under cutoff.
And analysis is focused on variants of concerns
B.1.1.7
B.1.351 (not present)
P.1 (not present)

variants of interest
B.1.427
B.1.429

See outbreak.info/situation-repo… from @K_G_Andersen or covariants.org from @firefoxx66 for info on these variants.
Read 12 tweets

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