Long, long ago when stones were still soft such that one could pinch them, there was a young, beautiful Ndebele princess.
2. One day during the Inxwala ceremony a young handsome prince from a far away kingdom was dazzled by the princess's beauty during the maidens' parade. He then asked his father to send a delegation to arrange a royal wedding.
3. The young princess and the prince were deeply in love. The prince would travel to the kingdom to meet the princess at secret spot close to the royal bathing place by the riverside.
4. The blossoming relationship of the young lovers caught the eye of an ugly river lizard: imbulumakhasane, which had magical abilities to shift its shape to a human form. The lizard fell in love with the prince and devised a trick to become his wife in place of the princess.
5. The marriage arrangements were finalised and the prince came with his delegation to fetch his bride. The princess and her royal maidens went to bath at the river ahead of the royal wedding.
6. As they were bathing imbulumakhasane approached the princess and said 'Umuhle njani nkosazana.... I wish l looked like you. Can l come closer to see your dimples!' The princess said "Ngiyabonga... Yes you can come!"
7. As soon as imbulumakhasane came close to the princess it spat on her eyes. The princess's face suddenly changed and became ugly and imbulumakhasane took her form and looked exactly like the princess!
8. Thereafter imbulumakhasane said to the princess ' I'm now you and the prince is all mine! You are now my slave and will work for me at the royal house. If you dare say a word l will kill you!' The princess wept upon realizing that her identity had been stolen by imbulu.
9. Imbulumakhasane now looked exactly like the princess but the only problem was its long tail. It then asked the princess to make a small weaved net to hide the tail and tie it at the back.
10. Imbulumakhasane then dressed up and went for the ceremony which was a huge success. In the mean time the princess wept profusely and people assumed that she was a happy maiden overwhelmed with joy.
11. After the wedding ceremony, the 'princess' and the royal maidens embarked on a long journey to her new home. They settled at the new home and she enjoyed all the privileges of royalty whilst the real princess worked as a slave.
12. Imbulumakhasane had one weakness : the love of milk! Imbulumakhasane would drink galons of milk per day through an opening at the tip of its long tail.
13. Soon there was a crisis at the royal palace. All the milk was finished. The more the cows were milked the more the milk got finished! The queen was angry and then devised a plan to catch the culprit. She said 'Kukhona imbulumakhasane eqeda uchago!'
14. The queen knew that one of the new delegates was responsible for the grand milk theft as the problem only started with the arrival of her new daughter in law.
15. One morning the queen called the 'princess' and her maidens. She filled a big big pot with milk and asked them to jump over the pot one by one! All the maidens jumped over the pot and nothing happened.
16. When it was the turn of the 'princess' to jump over the pot she stared giving excuses and feigning sickness. The queen drew a whip and commanded her to jump over the pot!
17. When the 'princess' jumped over the pot the long tail naturally unraveled and dipped into the pot to suck the milk! Everyone shouted 'Yimbulumakhasane!!!!!!'
18. The imbulumakhasane shifted to its original form whilst the princess shifted to her original identity and beauty! The royal soldiers chased imbulumakhasane as it ran to the nearest river.
*Iphelela lapha inganekwane*
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The evolution of the Ndebele state can be divided into 2 phases: 1.1820-1840 was dominated by migration & wars 2. 1841-1893 saw the Ndebele evolving to a new full-fledged settled heterogeneous state in present day Matabeleland, Zimbabwe.
2. King Mzilikazi's government hierarchy was as follows : 1. Inkosi (King) 2. Indunankulu Yesizwe (Prime Minister) 3. Umphakathi (Inner advisory council)
4.Izikhulu (Outer advisory council/council of prominent men) 5. Izinduna zezigaba (provincial chiefs) 6. Abalisa (headmen)
3. At the bottom of the hierarchy were ordinary men who were aptly called abamnumzana (heads of homesteads). From these you could still find izikhulu who were rich and influential. Eventhough they were not chiefs or military leaders, they had the ear of the king.
Ancient Ndebele people used celestial knowledge to chart seasons & to regulate agricultural cycles & ritual calendars. Celestial bodies determined healing rituals, divination, social & political decisions.
2. The moon:inyanga was the most significant celestial being that affected several aspects of the Ndebele community. One moon cycle made up a month (inyanga) & thirteen moon cycles made up a year (umnyaka).
3. The emergence of a new moon called Kholiwe, symbolised renewal, restoration and revival of people's lives. Ndebele people would direct a prayer the new moon by chanting 'Kholiwe hamba lomkhuhlane!' Asking the new moon to take away all diseases.
The Hlengwe people of Zimbabwe are a subgroup of the Tsonga people – an ethnic group found in four SADC countries : Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Swaziland. Hlengwe means wealth.
2. The Hlengwe come from the Nyaka kingdom which was located along the northern coast of the present-day KwaZulu-Natal up to the present-day Mozambican capital city of Maputo. The Nyaka kingdom is believed to have been in existence by around the end of the 14th century.
3. The Hlengwe people inhabit parts of the south east Lowveld of Zimbabwe which is part of the low lying country and includes most of Mozambique between the Save and Limpopo Rivers.
1. THE WITCHCRAFT TRIAL OF PRINCESS MNCENGENCE KHUMALO 🇿🇼
Umnxeba .... 🧵
Princess Mncengence was King Lobhengula's sister who rose to prominence after Lobhengula's succession of King Mzilikazi. In the Ndebele kingdom there were two capital offences : treason and witchcraft.
2. The crime of ubuthakathi was significant in that there was a belief that for misfortune to occur in a person's life it was either the person's amadlozi were angry and needed to be appeased or the misfortune was caused by witchcraft.Only an isanusi/seer could sniff out a witch.
3. When king Lobhengula ascended to the throne, he continued with the alliance between the Ndebele and the Shangani kingdom. He married a Shangani Princess Xhwalile Nxumalo the daughter of King Mzila of the Gasa people.
1.THE TITLES OF MARRIED WOMEN ACCORDING TO ANCIENT NDEBELE🇿🇼 CUSTOMS
In the olden days marriages revolved around blood covenants between families and were not founded on a private agreement between two lovers.
2. A woman is the one who got taken /ukuthathwa by a family and got converted to be their own through sacred rituals. There was no exclusive covenant between a woman and her husband but between a woman and the husband's clan. Hence the man could marry more women.
3. The first stage after marriage for a woman was that of being umalukazana. Umalukazana is derived from the word ukwaluka/ ukwalukwa - meaning to be initiated. Umalukazana thus referred to a female initiate being grafted into a new family through various rituals.
Izayoni /Iziyoni African churches are well established in Southern Africa. These churches are linked to the missionary work of the Christian Catholic Church in Zion founded by John Alexander Dowie in the USA in the late 1800s.
2. Dowie established a city called Zion in Illinois where all the members of his church stayed. The church emphasised on faith/divine healing and holiness. Consulting medical doctors was not allowed and members were not allowed to eat pork amongst other restrictions.
3. As the zion movement grew, missionaries were sent to Southern Africa. Later they embraced the Apostolic Faith Mission church led by the former Zionist John G. Lake however maintained the faith healing methods of Dowie.