(1/7) Pre-print study (interpret carefully) showing that monkeys infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed abnormal proteins in their brains (Lewy bodies) that are linked to the development of Parkinson's disease and a type of dementia.
(2/7) In this study, 4 rhesus macaques and 4 cynomolgus macaques were infected with SARS-CoV-2, and developed mild-to-moderate symptoms.
Lewy bodies developed in all 4 rhesus macaques, and one old cynomolgus macaque.
i.e., Lewy bodies developed in 5 of 8 monkeys.
(3/7) Animal studies do not always translate well (or even at all) to humans, and so these results need to be interpreted very carefully.
The monkeys also received a higher dose than most humans would likely be exposed to.
(4/7) It is also very important to note that even if these results do apply to humans, this phenomenon might only affect a small proportion of people who are infected with SARS-CoV-2.
In those people, it might lead to an increased risk of dementia in later life.
(5/7) However, this is a very serious finding requiring further study.
The authors note their findings are “a serious warning as they may be predictive for COVID-19-related dementia cases in humans in the future, even after an asymptomatic infection or mild disease process.”
(6/7) Even if these findings only apply to a small proportion of people who are infected with SARS-CoV-2, this could be a major public health problem in future decades because of the very large number of COVID-19 cases globally.
(7/7) This study provides yet more evidence that we do not fully understand what the long-term effects of contracting this virus might be.
COVID-19 is really not “just a flu”, and we should not accept living with it.
Elimination of COVID-19 should be our goal.
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(1/8) Study of 12 million adults in England, showing that living with children during the second wave was associated with an increased risk of testing positive or being hospitalised for #COVID19.
Why do I predict COVID-19 will become a disease of children in 2021?
In developed countries, the majority of adults should be vaccinated by the end of the year.
But children probably won’t be, and so the virus will predominantly circulate in children and adolescents.
Additionally, many countries are still not doing enough to protect schools. There may even be pressure to completely end *all* public health measures once adults are vaccinated.
Under these conditions, the virus will spread unchecked in children and adolescents.
(2/8) First up, the authors found a strong association between the amount of neutralising antibodies a vaccine induces, and its efficacy.
Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2), Moderna (mRNA-1273), and Novavax (NVX-CoV2373) are in the top right corner.
(3/8) Based on the limited data for mRNA vaccines available to date, the authors estimated that the half-life for vaccine-induced antibodies (65 days) was similar to those produced by infection (58 days).
(1/4) More evidence SARS-CoV-2 is airborne. In this report of 3 cases, proven by sequencing, ordinary surgical masks and face shields were not able to prevent aerosol transmission.
(2/4) It’s important to remember that this does not mean that surgical masks are completely ineffective.
They do prevent transmission much of the time, but they are not foolproof.
Partial protection is better than no protection, and there are ways to improve mask effectiveness.
(3/4) The authors recommend the following:
➡️ Improving mask fit by using ties, rather than ear loops
➡️ Adding mask filters
➡️ Switching to a P2/FFP2/N95 mask if available (although this may be more appropriate for doctors caring for patients, or in regions with high incidence)
Australians (including me) risk fines for sharing information about vaccines on social media.
Advertising medications direct to consumers was already prohibited in Australia (for good reason), but recent guidance about COVID-19 vaccines approaches censorship.
It seems social media posts comparing the efficacy of different vaccines may be considered advertising by Australia’s regulator (the TGA), because they could lead people to seek out a particular vaccine.
Additionally, pharmacies, doctors, and organisations that are part of the COVID-19 vaccination programme are banned from advertising whether they are using the AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccine, and must instead use official government materials. smh.com.au/business/compa…
🧵 New work from me: I rebut scientific criticism & re-analyse school data from Victoria, Australia.
What did I find? Primary school children were a bit less likely to cause outbreaks than high school children, but this wasn't statistically significant. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.5694/mj…
The proportion of events resulting in an outbreak was as follows:
Child, primary school (6-12 years): 31%
Adolescent, high school (13-15 years): 41%
Adolescent, high school (16-18 years): 40%
Adult (primary and high school): 39%
But note large, overlapping confidence intervals.
These data also have some important limitations.
First, not all contacts were tested, and so transmission may be underestimated.
This may particularly affect the data for primary school children, who might have been tested least.