“I am often asked what it was like being locked up in an Australian-run detention centre in the Republic of Nauru for six years. My name is Elahe Zivardar, also known as Ellie Shakiba. 1/29 #TimeForAHome#March4Justice#EnoughIsEnough
I honestly don’t know how to introduce myself. I’ve been through a serious identity crisis and not sure who I am anymore. I’m an Iranian woman; an engineering and architecture university graduate; an artist and journalist. Then I was reduced to nothing but a number: IVL-057. 2/29
It has been really challenging for me to remember the person I was before I was displaced and exiled. It is difficult to overcome the idea that being a refugee is not what defines me. 3/29
To help explain what happened to me in those years, to share my story with you, I am creating a documentary called Searching for Aramsayesh Gah – a Farsi term which may be translated as Abode for Serenity 4/29
Searching for Aramsayesh Gah exposes the architecture of torture, trauma, and healing through the legacy of Australia’s infamous refugee detention centre in the Republic of Nauru. 5/29
This documentary draws from the biggest video archive of stories by refugees incarcerated in the Nauru detention centre. I recorded the footage during my imprisonment and in collaboration and consultation with the people and families involved – 6/29
my friends and fellow detainees. In the documentary I present and explore my claim that every single element in the centre was designed to torture the inmates, people who had already experienced horrific trauma in their home countries. 7/29
I started sketching the architecture of Australia’s detention facilitates during my first day in the Christmas Island facility, where I was taken prior to being exiled to Nauru. I did this to eventually create a 3D model of the site 8/29
– a forensic architecture initiative – but my original plan has now expanded into multidimensional art projects. These initiatives are the outcome of six years of hard work: resistance, research, filming and interviewing exiled people in prison with me. 9/29
What happened? In order to answer the many different questions I am asked about life and death in Nauru I have to reflect on both space and time. I have to consider the impact of imprisonment on my body, my thoughts and my emotions. 10/29
All directions lead you to non-being, to nothingness. No matter how strong or confident you are, you are made worthless upon your first encounter with this space. The idea, the concept and every single element within OPC3 (a compound within the Nauru detention facility) 11/29
is cruelly designed to torture detainees physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually. The architecture of evil.
Many respond in distressing ways when they hear my answers ‒ they too embody and embolden the prison and the border. 12/29
Prisons are all the same. They are all bad places, built for punishment. But this one was unique. The process of torturing people seeking asylum would start even before we were sent to Nauru, while we were still in the facility on Christmas Island. 13/29
These seeds of terror grew into an all-encompassing, never-ending nightmare. One night, some people suddenly went missing at midnight in Christmas Island. 14/29
They were kidnapped by Australian authorities and taken to a place they called “Hell in Nauru”. What do you call a system that makes people hate themselves to the extent that they forego their feelings of compassion and positivity? 15/29
Australian immigration had a system that was oblivious to people’s needs. They incited aggression, drove people to self-harm, and told many lies to manipulate people. They tried to erode kindness, positivity, health and honesty. 16/29
The 2,500 chosen victims were quiet, honest, positive and cooperative people. They were selected with no regard for their age, gender or underlying health conditions. They were exiled and incarcerated in a site that represented the opposite of everything they stood for. 17/29
Why me? This was the first question everyone held in Nauru asked themselves. Why me? My friend Parry once told me, “We were 60 people in the boat that arrived at Christmas Island on the eighth of August, 2013. 18/29
Only 10 of us were exiled to Nauru, three single men to Manus, and the rest of the people in that boat were kept in Australian onshore detention centres before receiving visas after a year and a half and moved into the Australian community. This is so unfair.” 19/29
This two-word question, ‘Why me?’, launched me on a path towards a serious identity crisis. This was just the beginning of a bleak and tragic experience, and I was headed towards a profound breakdown. 20/29
Every time I visited or interviewed people who were suffering from debilitating mental health problems I got the impression that they were punishing themselves. Through self-harm, attempted suicide, hunger strikes, or any other possible way to hurt themselves, 21/29
they were taking revenge on themselves. After those asylum seekers who remained on Christmas Island were given visas, the others who were sent to offshore processing centres felt foolish and naïve. 22/29
They saw no reason to look after themselves. The Australian Department of Home Affairs gives their citizens the impression that people seeking asylum will cause trouble for them, when in reality it is the government that does everything in its power to incite violence. 23/29
This violence is inflicted on the refugees, on their bodies and souls. Border violence also harms the Australian people; the lies, corruption and damage to vulnerable refugees also inflicts violence indirectly on Australians. 24/29
Right wing conservatives in Europe and the UK have looked to Australia as a model, and President Trump praised Australia’s policies as a great success and as an example of effective border protection policies. 25/29
This influence is inspiring and it facilitates crimes against humanity on a global scale. Searching for Aramsayesh Gah and other projects are a great opportunity for me to talk to the Australian people and empower refugees who have been held in Nauru and Manus Island. 26/29
The Australian government has continuously accused us of being dangerous, dishonest, and a drain on the system, amongst other things. Australian politicians like Peter Dutton, the minister for home affairs, and Scott Morrison, the current prime minister, 27/29
have manipulated the Australian people and used us as political pawns for their own agenda. They have been engaged in a war on refugees to further their own political aims. Stand with me as we fight back.” 28/29
Source: Open Democracy. Beyond trafficking and slavery: Opinion. Elahe Zivardar (2021). ‘The torture of Australia’s offshore immigration detention system’. A new documentary by a former detainee explores how Australia has been treating people seeking asylum. 29/29
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In the ‘Pursuit Phase’ of the ‘Cycle of Violence’, the Perpetrator may go through a dramatic personality change. They may try to make up for their past behaviour. They give the person affected attention and promise change... 1/6 #Auspol
The ‘Build Up Phase’ of the ‘Cycle of Violence’ may begin with normal relations, but involves escalating tension of increased verbal, emotional or financial abuse. In non-violent relationships these issues can normally be resolved between the people in the relationship. 2/6
The ‘Stand Over Phase’ of the ‘Cycle of Violence’ can be extremely frightening for people. Tension is inevitable. The person affected may feel that they are ‘walking on egg shells’ and fear that anything they do will cause the situation to deteriorate further. 3/6
Inaccurate or Misleading Psychological and Psychiatric Terms to Avoid:
Medical model. Although many authors who invoke the term “medical model” presume that it refers to a single conceptualization (e.g., Mann and Himelein, 2008), it does not. 1/16
Some authors insist that the term is so vague and unhelpful that we are better off without it (Meehl, 1995). Among other things, it has been wielded by various authors to mean (a) the assumption of a categorical rather than dimensional model of psychopathology; 2/16
(b) an emphasis on underlying “disease” processes rather than on presenting signs and symptoms; (c) an emphasis on the biological etiology of psychopathology; (d) an emphasis on pathology rather than on health; 3/16
Inaccurate or Misleading Psychological and Psychiatric Terms to Avoid:
The scientific method. Many science textbooks, including those in psychology, present science as a monolithic “method.” 1/24
Most often, they describe this method as a hypothetical-deductive recipe, in which scientists begin with an overarching theory, deduce hypotheses (predictions) from that theory, test these hypotheses, and examine the fit between data and theory. 2/24
If the data are inconsistent with the theory, the theory is modified or abandoned. It’s a nice story, but it rarely works this way (McComas, 1996). Although science sometimes operates by straightforward deduction, serendipity and inductive observations offered in service of 3/24
Inaccurate or Misleading Psychological and Psychiatric Terms to Avoid:
Personality type. The assertion that personality traits fall into distinct categories (e.g., introvert vs. extravert) has received minimal scientific support. 1/25
Studies consistently suggest personality traits, such as extraversion and impulsivity, underpin dimensions rather categories (Haslam et al., 2012). With the possible exception of schizotypal personality disorder the same holds for personality disorders (Haslam et al., 2012). 2/25
Hence, if authors elect to use the phrase “personality type,” they should qualify it by noting that the evidence for a genuine typology (i.e., a qualitative difference from normality) is in almost all cases negligible within the personality domain. 3/25
Inaccurate or Misleading Psychological and Psychiatric Terms to Avoid:
Chemical imbalance. Thanks in part to the success of direct-to-consumer marketing campaigns by drug companies, 1/17
the notion that major depression and allied disorders are caused by a “chemical imbalance” of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine, has become a virtual truism in the eyes of the public (France et al., 2007; Deacon and Baird, 2009). 2/17
This phrase even crops up in some academic sources; for example, one author wrote that one overarching framework for conceptualizing mental illness is a “biophysical model that posits a chemical imbalance” (Wheeler, 2011, p. 151). 3/17
Inaccurate or Misleading Psychological and Psychiatric Terms to Avoid:
“Hard-wired. The term “hard-wired” has become enormously popular in press accounts and academic writings in reference to human psychological capacities presumed by some scholars to be partially innate, 1/23
such as religion, cognitive biases, prejudice, or aggression. For example, one author team reported that males are more sensitive than females to negative news stories and may be “hard wired for negative news” (Grabe and Kamhawi, 2006, p. 346). 2/23
Nevertheless, growing data on neural plasticity suggest that, with the possible exception of inborn reflexes, remarkably few psychological capacities in humans are genuinely hard-wired, that is, inflexible in their behavioral expression (Huttenlocher, 2009; Shermer, 2015). 3/23