"Instead, we argue for much-needed research to establish what interventions are most effective
for problematic demand avoidance in autism spectrum disorder." (O'Nions et al. 2018). thelancet.com/journals/lanch…
Term "problematic" demand avoidance is a HUGE problem
It is an issue due to the subjective nature in what is a problem, dependent on person's views, and the nature of the situation at any given time etc etc.
What is "problematic demand avoidance" in autism, is likely to be different for different stakeholders. I suspect many autistic persons would view certain dogmatic positions by some non-autistic stakeholders to be a "problem".
So, take Help4Psychology "Rational Demand Avoidance" group of autistic CYP, who display PDA behaviours after often after experiencing aversive school situations. I suspect many of these "Rational Demand Avoidance" CYP would be school refusing.
If a CYP is displaying PDA behaviours to the point they are either meeting threshold on the EDA-Q, &/ or school refusing, it is likely to be problematic/ difficult for other persons to deal with, including the CYP expressing the demand avoidance.
I would say it would difficult for autistic CYP, often aged 5 - 7 years old to manage and cope expressing these behaviours. As the CYP is likely to be highly aroused & distressed while showing those PDA behaviours.
If an autistic CYP is school refusing or meeting threshold on EDA-Q it is likely to be a problem for caregivers etc to deal with due to the sometimes "extreme" nature of some PDA behaviours. Also issues with emotional contagion/ vicarious trauma.
I would also point out, that I doubt many caregivers would not be concerned/ worried/ stressed themselves that THEIR vulnerable CYP is expressing such behaviours/ missing school etc. Some caregivers may have to leave work to homeschool their CYP.
Considering the point of a PDA diagnosis is help to people. PDA is meant to have its own set of strategies/ interventions. It seems that this "Rational Demand Avoidance" group falls under "problematic" demand avoidance that needs intervention & diagnosis.
Considering PDA approaches are good practice, the "Rational Demand Avoidance" group would probably receive same interventions/ strategies as PDA.
Especially when can argue same underlying cognitive processes are occurring.
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@Autisticcat2 Potentially, I fully accept that one could argue that there would be a different culture & society if autistic persons were 98% of the population.
@Autisticcat2 For one I think social model of disability would be fully practiced, with universal design incorporated into as many things as possible.
@Autisticcat2 One could also argue that autistic "logic", sense of fairness, strong sense of right and wrong, would create a much more socially just society and culture.
Autistics have joked about non-autistics being the ones with a mental disorder, or who have ToM (autistic) deficits, or RRBIs, such as overwhelmingly pathologising autistic features.
Has anyone joked that such actions, like always interpreting autistic features as deficits/ something wrong, could be viewed as meeting the definition for "autos"; non-autistics become removed from social interaction with those who are neurodivergent?
That effectively autistic persons can joke that non-autistic persons are also autistic, due to their RRBIs and issues with social interactions, including ToM & Empathy deficits?
I am getting the impression that O'Nions arguments for viewing social demand avoidance in PDA as "strategic" are contradicted by her early work".
O'Nions is partly trying to argue that PDA social demand avoidance behaviours are not the same as "sophisticated" behaviours of those with callous-unemotional traits. (O'Nions and Eaton, 2020).
In their previous work, they viewed PDA social demand avoidance to be manipulative in nature. See O'Nions et al, 2014 and 2015. This matters as O'Nions helped to develop two tools that view PDA social demand avoidance to be manipulative.
Fun fact. 10 clinicians (many highly specialised autism specialists) who consulted on developing EDA-Q, suggested adding question that assess for communication issues. These two questions failed to make it into the "validated" version of the EDA-Q.
"Has difficulty reading body language, facial expression"
&
"Slow to process or respond to questions/ comments"
It is ironic that persons that viewed PDA as an ASD, often from autism specialist settings, suggested questions that would potentially be indicative of autism for the EDA-Q and these questions are not in the final 26 item tool.
The Richard Soppitt book chapter is interesting, there are some issues with it. I will probably do a full lists of pros/ cons with the piece in the next few days.
Need to check his version of the original 15 PDA DISCO questions by Wing & Gould.
Unsure they align to what Gillberg et al (2015), or other information I have on the topic. For one, he seems to be conflating passive early history with speech delay questions, which were either in full DISCO/ removed.
The PDA literature contradicts itself over if there were 17/ 15 original PDA DISCO questions.