#Covid19 made us more aware of dangers.. an outbreak of SARs virus in Hong Kong in 2003 was traced to #apartments plumbing & ventilation, leading to warnings from the World Health Organisation about shortcuts in design, construction & maintenance’ 1/ independent.ie/business/perso…
‘SARS virus was spread primarily through the air. High concentrations of viral aerosols in building plumbing were drawn into #apartment bathrooms through floor drains.. virus-laden air was transported by prevailing winds to adjacent buildings’ 2/ pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16696450/
‘infected cases found along 2 vertical lines of #apartment building & each line was connected through a single ventilation air duct in the bathroom.. investigation found no other possible contact between cases than airborne infection through air duct’ 3/ ijidonline.com/article/S1201-…
‘No evidence found for transmission via elevator or elsewhere.. families lived in flats connected by bathroom drainage.. observed infections & locations of positive environmental samples consistent with spread of virus-laden aerosols via stacks & vents’ 4/acpjournals.org/doi/full/10.73…
‘the elevator could be the focus of contagion... it
could be that the building’s ventilation is connected & is very poor, as is often the case in bathrooms’ 5/ english.elpais.com/society/2021-0…
‘cluster of five cases of coronavirus variant first identified in South Africa discovered at the #apartment building.. there are concerns that the variant spread through common elements in the building such as corridors & elevators’ 6/ cbc.ca/news/canada/to…
‘Traces of virus detected in on the sink, faucet & shower handle of a long-vacant apartment.. the contaminated bathroom was directly above the home of five people confirmed a week earlier to have #Covid19’ 7/ bloomberg.com/news/articles/…
‘all parts of big buildings are connected to same wastewater plumbing system.. contaminated air can move freely in & out of the living space.. such buildings are also more prone to large pressure surges from overuse when lots of people are at home’ 8/theconversation.com/coronavirus-pe…
WHO: ‘Harmful viruses, including SARS coronavirus, can be sucked into homes.. solutions are simple & have already been implemented in most areas world-wide but in many places short-cuts in design, construction & maintenance continue to compromise safety’ 9/apps.who.int/iris/bitstream…
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Ventilation in schools, 1850:
‘Let is suppose the case of a schoolroom containing 10,000 cubic feet (50 x 20 x 10’)* of perfectly pure air with 200 pupils. To each of them will be allowed 10 cubic feet of air per minute...’. 1/
*283m3 (15 x 6 x 3m)
‘..there would be 50 [cubic] feet for each pupil & air of the room would be rendered unfit for respiration by carbonic acid [CO2] alone in ~just 5 minutes~.. at the end of 5 minutes pupils begin to inhale again & again the excrementitious matter from their own & others bodies’ 2/
‘..at end of one hour, 84 ounces (2.4kg) of this poison would be held in solution in the air..& be constantly going the round of the circulation, sowing the seeds of death’ ‘the oxygen would be entirely exhausted in 14 or 15 hours.. many pupils would not be living long before’ 3/
[Thread] Chicago didn’t have a second wave of Spanish Flu.. so what did they do, & how did the city re-open when there was no vaccine? #Ventilation#COVID19 1/
..here are the public health measures that Chicago took on the autumn of 2018
‘open window ventilation in all school rooms.. pupils warmly dressed.. daily check on pupils & absentees in schools.. use of masks.. landlords required to heat homes.. ’ 2/ documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri…
..’isolation & quarantine.. home nursing provided (see my thread on home nursing).. churches required to improve ventilation.. 150 city health officers on full time service’ 3/
[Thread] #COVID19
Break the Chain at the
Weakest Link
~Open the Windows~
What can we learn about ventilation & disease control from 1920 nursing manual? 1/
‘a patient in a dark, poorly ventilated room has a harder battle to fight...sunshine & fresh air are nature’s best remedies... the model sick room is a light, quiet, airy, easily heated room on south or east side of the house’ 2/
‘a current of fresh air should be ventilating in sick room day & night... if a fresh supply of oxygen is not admitted to the room at frequent intervals, the patient is force to rebreathe impure air.. heat to make possible to have window open a little even in coldest weather’ 3/