1/5
While much of the foreign press announced spectacular Q1 GDP results, Caixin, characteristically, recognized that part of the reported growth simply represented an expansion of the domestic imbalances.

caixinglobal.com/2021-04-16/chi…
2/5
Their headline: "China’s Rapid GDP Growth Falls Short of Expectations". As they note, "Both household income and consumption grew slower than GDP."

This matters. While I expect China's reported GDP growth to be strong this year (although not nearly as strong as...
3/5
the 8.6% consensus), much more important is that it will mostly be what Beijing refers to as "high-quality" growth, which means that consumption, exports and private business investment will collectively outpace GDP growth.
4/5
This is the kind of growth China urgently needs, and this is not what we got in the first quarter. By now it should be clear that as long as it is willing to allow debt to soar, Beijing can more or less get any GDP growth rate it wants, but there is a difference between...
5/5
growth generated by consumption, exports and private business investment, which is sustainable and doesn't require a rising debt burden, and growth generated by FAI in property and infrastructure, which isn't sustainable and requires soaring debt.

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More from @michaelxpettis

18 Apr
1/7
The idea that there is some specific debt-to-GDP ratio above which debt levels are "too high" has always been nonsense, and only suggests how poorly economists understand balance sheet dynamics (and how little they have read of Hyman Minsky).

wsj.com/articles/u-s-d…
2/7
It is not just the amount of debt and the coupon that matter but, as any finance specialist can explain, just as important are the structure of the debt relative to assets, the underlying volatility of operating earnings, overall liquidity, the purpose of the debt, and...
3/7
other conditions which together determine whether a business or country has "too much" debt. And of course this doesn't mean that because interest rates are low there is no threshold above which the debt burden starts to weigh on the economy.

project-syndicate.org/commentary/the…
Read 9 tweets
16 Apr
1/14

China’s National Bureau of Statistics reported today that GDP grew by 18.3% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2021, although on the back of a sharp contraction in the first quarter of 2020, and driven – unfortunately but not...

caixinglobal.com/2021-04-16/chi…
2/14

surprisingly – by a 25.6% year-on-year expansion in fixed asset investment. Given how useless year-on-year data can be, especially after exceptional periods, many analysts are also reporting that first-quarter GDP rose 0.6% from the fourth quarter last year.
3/14

But while this helps, it ignores appropriate measures of seasonality, which are especially problematic in a period like ours. The best way to consider the data might be to see how close we've arrived at some kind of “normalcy”, perhaps by comparing it with 2019 data.
Read 16 tweets
15 Apr
1/5

Good Bloomberg article on the Huarong mess, some of its systemic implications, and what it says about China's underlying debt problems.

A lot of people already knew at least five years ago, and possibly more, about the tremendous hole into...

bloomberg.com/news/articles/…
2/5

which Huarong was dogging itself — among friends of mine who worked with the big four AMCs, none of whom were notorious for excessive prudence, Huarong managed nonetheless to elicit shock and surprise for its behavior, especially its seemingly reckless acquisitions.
3/5

This particular line in the article reminded me of a conversation I had in 2018 or 2019: "According to people familiar with the matter, Huarong has proposed a sweeping restructuring. The plan would involve offloading its money-losing, non-core businesses. Huarong is still...
Read 5 tweets
15 Apr
1/8

Beijing plans to make it easier for migrants to apply for household registration in the cities in which they live and work. This is good news, and the benefits are fairly obvious: by raising the real income of migrant workers — allowing them...

caixinglobal.com/2021-04-14/chi…
2/8

access to the same municipal services and work protection as hukou residents — it will sustainably boost domestic demand

But while this benefit has always been there, it has taken very long for Beijing to reach even this very preliminary step. Why? Because the benefits...
3/8

come with real costs, and until we know how these costs will be allocated, it isn't clear how serious they are about implementing hukou reforms.

To the extent that the welfare of migrant workers improves, the associated costs have to be absorbed by some other sector for...
Read 8 tweets
14 Apr
1/8

Good blog piece by @andrewbatson on China's "new rhetoric" on reducing inequality, which (and Andrew decides sensibly to skip the obvious irony) begins with: "The Chinese Communist Party is now ideologically committed to reducing income inequality."

andrewbatson.com/2021/04/13/chi…
2/8

In his piece he points out some of the steps Beijing says it will take to reduce inequality within the household sector, and he notes the limited success it has had in the past. I would add another point, which is that there are two very different types of inequality...
3/8

within China, both of which have the same economic effect on China's very low consumption rate and (which is the same thing) its excessive savings rate.

One type, which most of us typically mean by "inequality", is the highly concentrated distribution of income within...
Read 8 tweets
14 Apr
1/19

Apologies in advance for this very long thread, but as regular readers know, I worry greatly about common misunderstandings of the role of reserve currencies. The author seems to assume that what makes a currency a dominant reserve currency is...

ft.com/content/3fe905…
2/19

its low frictional trading costs, which is why, he believes, digital currencies, with China in the lead, will dominate international trade.

But while a low frictional trading cost is a necessary condition, it is not nearly sufficient. A quick glance at the role of the...
3/19

US dollar over the past 100 years, the period during which it achieved dominant status, makes this clear: when the world was short of savings relative to its investment needs, during the first fifty years of that period (a period characterized by the global need to...
Read 21 tweets

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