This thread is in regard to the concerning things about Cov2.
I owe the idea to @LgSOS

To start, we have the neuroinvasion seen by @ericsongg @VirusesImmunity et al. rupress.org/jem/article/21…
2/ There is also a predominant symptom of anosmia (loss of sense of smell).

This anosmia is seen as unlikely to be from mucosal/nasal swelling ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
3/ Interestingly, a few case reports have emerged of Parkinson's following infection.
thelancet.com/journals/laneu…
A worrisome correlate may exist as seen by this preprint: monkeys had precursors of Parkinson's after infection, called Lewy Bodies biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
4/ Loss of smell is an early indicator of Parkinson's, but we cannot draw any associations in relation to cov2.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
5/ Also concerning are the changes in the lungs with Cov2.

In green is collagen- this is the protein that makes nails hard. This is not something you want deposited in your lungs.

nature.com/articles/s4158…
6/ Also, another concerning finding as an immunologist, are the autoantibodies against components of the immune system

Namely those against Interferon gamma

Replete immune signaling is important to prevent severe cov2, and cov2 itself harms signaling 🤯
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
7/ I will continue to update this 🧵 as more info is revealed.

For now, these are my long-term concerns with the virus beyond the acute phase.

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More from @fitterhappierAJ

17 Apr
1/This is concerning.

A human endogenous retroviral protein is being induced in lymphocytes in Covid-19.

This is the same HERV implicated in Epstein Barr's association with Multiple Sclerosis
thelancet.com/journals/ebiom…
🧵
2/ Cov2 is eliciting the same human Endogenous retrovirus as Epstein Barr, and the expression increases with T cell differentiation 🤯 Image
3/ Interestingly, Epstein Barr virus will "awaken" parts of an endogenous human retrovirus-

this is an ancient virus lurking in our DNA

It functions like a superantigen and stimulates lymphocytes.
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P…
Read 4 tweets
9 Apr
I've not seen so much power and simplicity in data for a long time.

Cov2 is generating T cell escape epitopes, and there may be a dominant selection for a nucleocapsid site for B*27:05
biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
🧵 1/
2/ The authors show a number of mutated peptides/variants that cause partial or complete loss of T cell reactivity for certain HLAs
3/ In my opinion, there can be a degree of selection against T cell epitopes when T cells are being used to react to virus- the situation where one has T cell memory but no sera. I think I mentioned this exact scenario before @MonicaGandhi9?
Read 6 tweets
7 Apr
On the contrary, we should worry about variants "escaping" CD8+ immunity, especially if one has HLA:24

I am surprised- maybe we are awaiting publication? @NahasNewman

As of yet this sort of escape has been mostly theoretical. biorxiv.org/content/10.110…
When we lose CD8 reactivity, we lose our ability to cull infected cells. 😱

Something we were promised so frequently would not happen, but it did! @zeynep
They were warned in a light way, but it didn't get through 😔

This is my biggest fear manifest, and what did the AIER/Pandata/GBD crowd do? they passaged the virus in schools per Azar 😰
Read 4 tweets
6 Apr
1/ I see you raised it in March @MLevitt_NP2013 but as the saying goes, what goes up must come down

The work dashes X reactive T cells- they poorly proliferate in the few people that possess them.

X reactive abs, as your image queries, are equally rare ImageImageImage
2/ Why the focus on T cells? We have yet to see any protective effect of T cell memory without antibodies from infection.

Rather, it is sera which is seen to exert a protective effect after recovery, not T cells alone. medrxiv.org/content/10.110… In regard to the paper... Image
3/ We must also understand that T cells do not exert immunity prior to any sort of infection, unless they 'see' antigen from an exposure/vaccine.

The fact the T cells have responded, means indeed there was a viral challenge, and the cells 'saw' antigen. So let's look... Image
Read 6 tweets
5 Apr
I can't believe what I'm seeing. Is this late April Fool's @MLevitt_NP2013??

My mind is blown again.

I'm about to hang up the T cell towel. The emperor has no clothes!

Only 2/30 donors have cross reactive Tcells and they don't proliferate much at all! nature.com/articles/s4146… ImageImageImageImage
*of healthy donors
This is in total contrast to this paper here with James Todaro's tweet. We are rewriting history!
Read 4 tweets
4 Apr
My mind is blown. Have T cells been false idols all along?

@MLevitt_NP2013,@MonicaGandhi9 come quick-

CD4, CD8, and CD4/8 depletion in Macaques prior and during infection did not affect disease course and only mildy attenuated viral clearance! biorxiv.org/content/10.110… ImageImageImage
This is important work, and is part of the reason why I say t cells don't matter so much in this disease...
embopress.org/doi/full/10.15… Antibodies opsonize infected cells, which can then be cleaned up.

This is all thanks to the tricky spike protein that goes to the surface of cells and exposes itself.

This is the work of @Timothee_B
Read 5 tweets

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