Methyl-B12, betaine, and SAMe all increase methylation by providing methyl groups for reactions, with methyl-B12 being the least potent, and SAMe being the most

Niacin decreases methylation by depleting methyl groups from the liver during metabolism, and increases acetylation
Folate is especially interesting as it dynamically regulates methylation, acting as a cofactor for methylation reactions in normal concentrations, while decreasing methylation downstream of its activity at the folate receptor when taken at higher doses
B6 is required to clear methyl waste, aka homocysteine, allowing it to be metabolized into useful cysteine, sulfate, and taurine

B2 is a cofactor for the metabolism synthetic folic/folinic acid from plant foods and supplements
Many people automatically assume they should take SAMe to increase methylation, but in many cases this can be harmful as it spikes homocysteine production

Sufficient concentration of B6, B12, and folate must be established to clear/recycle homocysteine and keep the cycle flowing

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More from @ck_eternity_

25 Apr
With the sheer amount of research like this that exists, dismissing the potential role of poor nutrition/nutrient deficiency in mental health issues seems insane to me
I've seen many that don't like this idea because they believe it places blame on the individual suffering

Really the opposite is true, the vast majority of people have at least some nutrient deficiency, our food is frequently low quality, and we aren't taught nutrition in school
Frankly I see this connection as one of the most hopeful findings for mental health in the last few decades, if anything it suggests that we have a remarkable amount of control over our own well-being
Read 4 tweets
19 Apr
Thinking about the report I found at one point of a tribe in south america that would crush up and snort the tips of their poison darts when their preferred psychoactives weren't available (ayahuasca, etc)
I managed to find the compounds they were ingesting in this case, it turns out the frog secretion commonly used in many poison darts binds to the opioid receptors creating a potent but atypical sedative/analgesic effect, likely potent enough to kill an animal but not a human
It's also possible that the tribe did this semi-frequently and had developed a tolerance to the effects, similar to that seen with the practice of rubbing kambo into skin, another frog secretion which contains similar compounds
Read 6 tweets
15 Apr
Postpartum depression seems to stem largely from copper overload disrupting neurotransmitter balance, driven by increased estrogen

Progesterone dropping can contribute as well, as it reduces levels of allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid that potentiates GABA signalling
Allopregnanolone injections are approved for treatment of postpartum with good results, though they can be overly expensive and cause sedative side effects

De-coppering therapies also show good results in some studies, specifically increasing metallothionein expression with zinc
Other nutrients that may increase metallothionein include NAC, manganese, B6, and vitamins C + E, increasing glutathione may also be useful

If free copper is present it's important to be careful not to clear it too quickly, as dumping excess copper can caused many side effects
Read 5 tweets
14 Apr
If I could only recommend someone one supplement, it would be magnesium

If I could only recommend two, the second would be thiamine
For magnesium the magnesium chloride and magnesium glycinate forms work best, magnesium taurate is good as well

For thiamine I'd start with thiamine hydrochloride, then upgrade to benfotiamine if you react well to it
The only other nutrient the majority of the population would likely benefit from would be vitamin K2, specifically in the MK-7 form
Read 4 tweets
11 Apr
Methylation levels correlate directly with levels of serotonin and dopamine

When methylation is increased, their reuptake back into the neuron is reduced, so both neurotransmitters stay active at their receptors longer, while in undermethylation they are cleared too quickly
This is due to the effect that methylation has on serotonin and dopamine transporters, neurotransmitter production may not change at all, but their activity can be altered

Methylation issues occur in a significant portion of the population and are a huge factor in mental illness
Undermethylation symptoms may include: low pain tolerance, high libido, addictive personality, excess tears/saliva/mucus, elevated histamine, seasonal allergies, addictive personality, perfectionist/OCD tendencies, inner tension, intrusive thoughts/rumination, and calm affect
Read 5 tweets
6 Apr
I often get the impression that many people find biochemistry off-putting because the terminology is unfamiliar, but really it's not as complex as it sounds

Here are the definitions of a few terms I commonly use as an example:
Upregulation = an increase in the number of receptors, or production of signalling molecules like hormones or neurotransmitters

Neurogenesis = the creation of new neurons or connections between neurons
Epigenetics = the regulation of how genes are expressed, almost like a bookmarking system that highlights or limits the expression of certain genes

Anabolism = the process of synthesis or building up in biology

Catabolism = the process of metabolism or breaking down in biology
Read 5 tweets

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