Wanted to tweet on masking as getting a lot of interest in this today (I am not a ventilation scientist; I am just an epidemiologist/ID doctor who can see from epidemiology studies how low risk outdoor transmission is). #1, Indoor masking is important when case rates high; wrote
many papers on this over the pandemic including with experts like @linseymarr. But study after study showing how low risk of outside transmission is which led to CDC recommendation of not masking outdoors when vax & many experts to not mask outside at all unless in large crowd.
Those studied summarized by multiple people in multiple threads & we summarized some in this WSJ article below which is why so many now calling on @CDC to remove mask requirements for unvaccinated children outdoors.
wsj.com/articles/take-…
In terms of inside masks, think removal of those mandates should be linked to adult vaccination rate since increased adult vaccination rate decreases case rates in community:
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
Indeed, that is the concept of what herd immunity is- we protect the unvaccinated (in this case children) by getting more & more members of the public around them immune. Children protected by low case rates; we are protected by vaccination
So, when should CDC remove recommendation for indoor masking which will lead to states removing mask mandates who haven't? 3 possibilities
1) Can link it to hospitalizations for COVID-19 + certain vax rate
washingtonpost.com/outlook/2021/0…
2) Or can link it to when everyone >16 has chance to get their 2nd dose of vax + a low case rate (2 cases/100K or 20/million?)
3) Or can link it to 70% 1st vaccination rate in adults per President Biden's speech May 4 + low case rate
Clear metrics helps motivate public to vax

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More from @MonicaGandhi9

8 May
7 reasons why think immunity to COVID from vaccination or infection will be long-lived (and why I continue to marvel that CEOs of companies who stand to make profit from boosters get to message that boosters needed; instead, please donate vax to India).
1. Memory B cells: Image
We discussed this at more length before; remember this amazing memory B cell paper that showed us that 32 people ages 91-101 who survived 1918 flu pandemic STILL had memory B cells that could produce neutralizing antibodies to that strain 9 decades later
nature.com/articles/natur…
Memory B cells last long time & hang out in germinal centers (like lymph node) until they are needed again and then come out to produce neutralizing antibodies against the pathogen. Do we know COVID-19 vaccines produce memory B cells? Yes from this paper
researchsquare.com/article/rs-310…
Read 15 tweets
7 May
Good news from #HHS: we are at the LOWEST THREAT LEVEL in the US that we have ever been in the entirety of the pandemic, when looking at cases + positivity rate + inpatient + ICU together (#vaccineswork). Taking each at time:
healthdata.gov/Health/COVID-1…
-Test positivity: Last 7 days test positivity rate is lowest it has been during the pandemic: 4.0% (Light Green)
-Cases: 97 cases per 100k for the Last 7 Days down -11% from previous 7 days (Orange)
-Inpatients with COVID-19: At 5% (Light Green)
-ICU for COVID: 11% (Yellow)
.
Still only 3 states outside of the Light Green or Dark Green Zone on Inpatient Beds (MI -- orange, MD, yellow, PA -- yellow). Keep following these metrics to see the pandemic recede with the increasing roll-out of vaccine & decide when public health emergency over in US
Read 4 tweets
6 May
Ok, was trying to stay off Twitter until Saturday but this question of children masking outdoors (in camps, etc.) keeps coming up. Let's discuss #outdoortransmission. Viral particles disperse quickly in the outside air
medrxiv.org/content/10.110…
A study in Wuhan, China, which involved careful contact tracing, discovered that just one of 7,324 infection events investigated was linked to outdoor transmission (none of the outbreaks identified from outside transmission). onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/in…
In a recent analysis of over 232,000 infections in Ireland, only one case of COVID-19 in every thousand was traced to outdoor transmission. irishtimes.com/news/ireland/i…
Read 5 tweets
5 May
My understanding is trade commissioner under President Biden (Katherine Tai) deliberating & decision may be made to temporarily waive COVID-19 patents tomorrow. Please see this article I wrote in TIME comparison to HIV (let's not fail moral test)
time.com/6046096/india-…
I go over history of the HIV treatment world and how we debated and debated patents on this planet while millions died in sub-Saharan Africa from AIDS in the meantime; it took the international community and activism to change this; we don't have years, we have days with COVID
India and South Africa asked WTO for this temporary waiver of patents in October 2020 and it didn't happen; would India be in different position now? Open letter from Big Pharma to Biden on 3/5/21 said this proposal by India was 'unfortunate'. We can do now (ok, off Twitter 2 d)
Read 4 tweets
4 May
Think we are getting tripped up on definition of #herdimmunity: form of indirect protection from an infection that occurs when a significant % of population has become immune to an infection (through vax or previous infection). 74 cases/9.05 million Israel
ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/co…
(with openings and mingling) with a 63% 1st dose vaccination rate >16 years old (Pfizer only approved down to 16) means those unvaccinated (not yet or children) have INDIRECT protection from infection because virus not circulating much
ourworldindata.org/covid-vaccinat…
This is why children back in school without masks/ distancing: they are not protected by vax but by levels of virus circulating to be so low it is close to 2019. Do you see what I mean by definitions? Call it containment but protects others for more & more adults to be immune
Read 8 tweets
4 May
Pres. Biden gives metric today of when counties, states, US out of public health emergency which is 70% 1st dose for >18 year old (US at 56.3% 1st dose >18 per CDC data, 14% more to go! CA 63%; SF 72%). Good to link end of emergency to metrics (vax rate)
nytimes.com/2021/05/04/us/…
I'd like to be clear what President Biden means by 70% 1st dose vaccination rate >18 years old. We are not at 44.4% first dose for >18 years (that is % total population); we are at 56% >18 years. Use that metric
covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tra…
And one more point- places with high natural immunity like CA who had terrible 3rd surge will come down and stay down with cases sooner - places like MI need higher rates of vax (CA seroprevalence study done while vax not yet rolling in general population)
sfchronicle.com/health/article…
Read 4 tweets

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