Did you know that stories of Fatimah al-Zahra’ (daughter of prophet Muhammad) portray her as regnal heir and mother goddess?
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Fatimah was most sought-after bride by rapacious Qurashi noblemen rushing to succeed Muhammad as ‘king of Arabia’. He refused to give his daughter’s hand in marriage to the shrewd Abu Bakr or furious ‘Umar, but consented to the request of his young cousin and confidant ‘Ali.
Rejected suitors were clearly offended & came into conflict with Fatimah after Muhammad’s passing when they disputed her birthright, & when ‘Umar is said to have mortally wounded her, & when Abu Bakr offered apologies during the intervening days before her untimely death
Both Fatimah and husband ‘Ali form the political and religious foundation of the Islamic holy family (ahl al-bayt) and Shii Imamate. Fatimah was the mother to the slain martyr al-Husayn, in part modeled after Mary the mother of the slain Messiah Jesus.
Fatimah was, therefore, in the spirit of her lamenting mourning and predecessors, seen as “mistress of the House of Sorrows, both in this world and in the world to come” (El Cheikh)
According to an abundance of reports, Muhammad’s unique benediction and beatitude over their marriage clearly made them special, in the manner expected were they to accede to the throne of Arabia’s next queen and king.
Reports claim ‘Ali bestowed as his dowry to Fatimah, a metal shield bestowed upon him from Muhammad. This demonstrates, among other things, Fatimah’s inheritance of political power wielded by Arabian female nobility, recalling the lance & shield of Allat/Athena & counterparts.
Recent scholarship explores Fatimah’s existential challenge, tragic fate and lasting curse according to the topoi and literary instruments of the ancient Greek tragedy, Antigone.
But there is more. Various symbolism used to characterize Fatimah demonstrates her regnal deification as queen of heaven. You can read the details in my upcoming book on female power & male prophecy in late antique Arabia!
See further:
Ibn Sa‘d, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Cairo: Maktabat al-Khanji, 2001, VOL 10.
Ali Shariati, Fatemeh fatemeh ast, Tehran: Nashr-i-Ayat, 1978.
Ouardi, Les Califes maudits: Volume 1: La déchirure, Paris: Albin Michel, 2019.
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How did the Romans and Arabs of late antiquity settle their conflict? With a Love Story!
The 1st Arab-Roman marriage in recorded history saved the empire & birthed Christian Arabia. It's also a lesson in Diversity going back almost two millenia
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After beating the Roman-Byzantines on the battlefield. The defender of Arabia—Queen Mavia (d. 425; Mawiyah bt. ‘Afzar, malikat al-‘arab)—enacted a peace agreement with Emperor Valens (d. 378). She was now bound to Constantinople by peace treaty (Cf. Lat. foedus).
The Queen dispatched her Tanukhid military auxiliaries to fight the Goths in Thrace. But she first gave her daughter, Chasidat, in marriage to a Roman officer named Victor.
Want to get MARRIED? Wondering why modern MARRIAGE is so complicated? Behold!
There were over 20 MARRIAGE TYPES and conjugal unions in late antique Arabia.
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(forgive preliminary mistakes)
Bukhari reports a Hadith listing four types of pre-Islamic marriages,
To summarize:
(1) Polygamous Marriage (nikah al-nas, al-sadaq or al-bu‘ulah) (2) Breeding Marriage (nikah al-istibda‘; al-istifhal; al-musharakah) (3) Polyandrous Group Marriage (nikah al-raht; al-sifah) (4) Polyandrous Temporary Marriage (nikah al-baghaya; al-rayat or mut‘ah)
Q 27:23-44 re-tells the biblical story of King Solomon conquering the Queen of Sheba (Saba’, South Arabia), & made famous in the medieval Ethiopian national epic, “the Glory of Kings” (Kebra nagast). In the passage following the hoopoe’s mission, king Solomon sends a stern letter
..demanding the queen’s unconditional surrender (vv. 28-31). Upon receiving the harshly worded epistle the queen, like all true leaders, soberly consults with her advisors without whom she makes no decision (v. 32).
Two decades after passing of the Lakhmid king, Muhammad undertook national conquest of Arabia, this time not in the name of Christianity, but Islam. This new world did not take kindly to goddesses.
..Zuhayr b. Janab al-Kalbi, destruction of al-‘Uzza’s shrine at Nakhlah came at hands of Khalid b. al-Walid; ‘Ali b. Abi Talib smashed idol of Manat at Qudayn, near the Red Sea & al-Mughirah b. Shu‘bah claimed Allat’s shrine in Ta’if
Did you know the Christian chieftain Zuhayr b. Janab al-Kalbi (d. 564) began a wave of iconoclasm/destruction of Arabian pagan shrines in 6th C? How did it pave the way for Muhammad’s purging of Kaaba idolatry?
Behold:
Destruction of al-‘Uzza (Part 2/3)
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If you have not already, read Part 1/3 and get caught up!
Word of a pagan shrine reached Zuhayr, indefatigable poet-chieftain of Quda‘ah, throwing the zealous champion into a rage. His Kalbid men & Qaynid kin massacred pagan Ghatafanids, destroying the shrine of al-‘Uzza & slaying a prisoner spilling his blood to desecrate it.
When did the last great king of Arabia leave Paganism for Christianity? Who was he & why did he convert? How did this pave the way for Islam?
The Syriac & Arabic sources tell us plenty about the:
Destruction of al-‘Uzza (Part 1)
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Church fathers bemoan worship of al-‘Uzza-Aphrodite by the Arabs. One can appreciate, then, once her most bloodthirsty champion, the Lakhmid king of al-Hirah (made infamous by al-Mundhir III, d. 554), abandoned al-‘Uzza to embrace Christianity.
There are several Syriac accounts of the baptism of al-Nu‘man III (d. 602) in the year 594. The main sources in this regard are the account attributed to Evagrius Scholasticus (d. 594) found in the 5th-century historical compilation known as the Chronicle of Seert...