Androgens create agression by downregulating inhibitory serotonin receptors
Since serotonin is one of the cornerstones of neurogenesis in the brain, this reduces neuroplasticity, and with certain overly potent steroids even becomes neurotoxic
This is balanced out by estrogen, which has a protective effect on the brain and maintains a good level of serotonin signalling
"Roid rage" is actually caused by excess androgen activation overstimulating adrenaline, without enough estrogen and serotonin to keep things balanced
The research we have on testosterone actually suggested it's not really inherently agressive
In some studies men with higher testosterone handle threats more harshly, but they also work well with others, and give out more generous rewards for others' acheivements
In steroid users (an extreme example of high androgen activity), we see that "roid rage" doesn't occur in every individual
It seems to stem more from other factors like serotonin, GABA, estrogen, etc, and how they modulate and prevent the side effects from high androgen levels
This is why I've said before that the ratio of estrogen to testosterone plays as much of a role as the level of either hormone on its own
Most men think estrogen is evil, when in reality it's keeping them from suffering brain damage and horrible mood swings
The estrogen receptors are even one of the key anabolic pathways in the body!
If you don't believe me take a potent pharmaceutical estrogen inhibitor and see how your mentality and physique fares, it won't end well
Hormone health really comes down to balance more than maxxing out a particular pathway
Testosterone is a direct proxy for health in men, and as long as you don't have excessive aromatase activity, estrogen level should be naturally stay a good level to balance it
Focus on:
- training hard
- maintining a good body fat %
- getting plenty of sleep
- eating nutrient-dense food with plenty of magnesium and zinc
- getting plenty of sun exposure
- achieving your goals
Good hormone balance will follow
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The addictiveness of a substance is directly proportional to how quickly and potently it increases dopamine in the brain
For example: crack and cocaine have exactly the same chemical structure and pharmacological activity, but crack reaches the brain in as little as ~5 seconds when smoked, while powdered cocaine takes a few minutes to reach full effect
The same goes for nicotine gum vs. tobacco/vape, and smoked/injected opiates vs. oral pain pills
Generally addictiveness increases something like this: smoking > IV/IM injection > insufflation > sublingual > topical/oral
PSA: your microbiome does not feed on carbohydrates or alcohol
Your microbiome is located in your colon at the end of your digestive tract, at this point your three essential macronutrients have been absorbed and only fiber remains as an energy source
When your diet contains low/no fiber your microbiome loses strain diversity and begins to seek out other food sources, this occurs in two ways
1. bacteria begin to consume the mucus lining separating them from the intestinal wall, as mucus is made up primarily of polysaccharides
2. bacteria/yeast may begin to grow further up your digestive tract into the small intestine where they are able to consume some amount of your dietary carbs/sugars before they can be absorbed
For many of those suffering from depression, SSRIs don't provide any benefit just by increasing serotonin, but rather through the downstream effects of serotonin receptor activation
Only a subset of depression patients actually present low serotonin
Other issues like reduced neurogenesis factors, elevated neuroinflammation, skewed GABA/glutamate ratios, etc, are present in the majority of cases
Activation of 5HT1A and 5HT2A receptors seems to be responsible for much of these effects
Research suggests they mediate changes in inflammation and BDNF levels long term
SSRIs have even been shown to provide analgesic effects, likely through their effects on endorphin levels
As I understand it babies crying constantly is a fairly modern phenomenon
In previous generations when a baby's cry would have been a safety liability, mothers would use techniques like holding the babies nose to train them not to cry at a very young age
And even into the late 19th and early 20th century it was very common to give babies alcohol and/or opium preparations to calm them
Let me expand since some of you are responding without actually reading this:
The key word here is constantly
Of course babies have been crying since the beginning of time, but historically cultures have minimized this in different ways that aren't employed today
Cravings are almost universally associated with a combination of low dopamine, low GABA, and elevated glutamate and cortisol
The endopioid system seems to play a role as well, unifying both dopamine and GABA in brain regions associated with pain perception and positive reinforcement
Managing cravings at the deepest level means understanding this well enough to correct any inbalance necessary
For example: managing stress, avoiding alcohol, avoiding activities like watching porn that desensitize dopamine/opioid receptors, avoiding hyper-palatable foods, etc
Asking a dermatologist if you should get daily sunlight exposure is like asking an atheist if you should go to church every week
In dermatology, one of the worst things that could possibly happen to you is skin cancer
In medicine in general, skin cancer is not common compared to other cancers or metabolic issues, and not very fatal, especially if caught early (even melanoma survival rate is 98+%)
On the other hand, daily sun exposure actually reduces risk for many other types of cancer, heart disease, and many other health issues
Skin cancer risk is increased by sunburn, NOT sun exposure, so as long as you don't burn your risk of skin cancer is not increased