Thread by @DavidCranmerUn1

Amy Coney Barrett - Wikipedia

Amy Vivian Coney was born in 1972 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the daughter of Linda (née Vath) and Michael Coney.[18][19] She is the eldest of seven children and has five sisters and a brother. Her father worked as an en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Coney…

attorney for Shell Oil Company, and her mother was a high school French teacher and homemaker. "Virtually all" 233 Coney Island variations were developed, apparently independently, by Greek or Macedonian immigrants in the early 1900s, many fleeing the Balkan Wars, who entered

the US through Ellis Island in New York City. Family stories of the development of the dishes often included anecdotes about visits to Coney Island.

In Detroit, historically many Greek and Macedonian immigrants operated Coney islands, or restaurants serving Detroit Coney dogs. By 2012 many Albanians began operating them as well.[13] The Greeks established Onassis Coney Island, which has closed. Greek immigrants established

the Coney chains Kerby's Koney Island, Leo's Coney Island, and National Coney Island during the 1960s and early 1970s. All three chains sell some Greek food items with Coney dogs. Detroit style sauce is a bean-less chili sauce, differing from the chili dogs they offer only in

the lack of beans. National has most of its restaurants on the east side of the city, and Kerby's and Leo's have the bulk of their restaurants on the west side of the Detroit area.

Shell was formed in 1907 through the merger of the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the Netherlands and the "Shell" Transport and Trading Company of the United Kingdom. The combined company rapidly became the leading competitor of the American Standard Oil and by 1920 Shell was

the largest producer of oil in the world.[19] Shell first entered the chemicals industry in 1929. Shell was one of the "Seven Sisters" which dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the mid-1970s. In 1964 Shell was a partner in the world's first commercial

sea transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG).[20] In 1970 Shell acquired the mining company Billiton, which it subsequently sold in 1994 and now forms part of BHP. In recent decades gas has become an increasingly important part of Shell's business[21] and Shell acquired BG

Group in 2016, making it the world's largest producer of LNG. The Royal Dutch Shell Group was created in April 1907 through the amalgamation of two rival companies: the Royal Dutch Petroleum Company (Dutch: Koninklijke Nederlandse Petroleum Maatschappij) of the Netherlands and

the Shell Transport and Trading Company Limited of the United Kingdom. The Royal Dutch Petroleum Company was a Dutch company founded in 1890 to develop an oilfield in Pangkalan Brandan, North Sumatra,[30] and initially led by August Kessler, Hugo Loudon, and Henri Deterding.

The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company (the quotation marks were part of the legal name) was a British company, founded in 1897 by Marcus Samuel, 1st Viscount Bearsted, and his brother Samuel Samuel.[31] Their father had owned an antique company in Houndsditch, London,[32]

which expanded in 1833 to import and sell seashells, after which the company "Shell" took its name. The Dutch company, Koninklijke Nederlandsche Petroleum Maatschappij at The Hague, was in charge of production and manufacture.[36] The British Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Company was

based in London, to direct the transport and storage of the products.

In 1912, Royal Dutch Shell purchased the Rothschilds' Russian oil assets in a stock deal. The Group's production portfolio then consisted of 53 percent from the East Indies, 29 percent from Russia,

and 17 percent from Romania. During the First World War, Shell was the main supplier of fuel to the British Expeditionary Force.[38] It was also the sole supplier of aviation fuel and supplied 80 percent of the British Army's TNT.[38] It also volunteered all of its shipping to

the British Admiralty.[38]
The German invasion of Romania in 1916 saw 17% of the group's worldwide production destroyed.[38]
In 1919, Shell took control of the Mexican Eagle Petroleum Company and in 1921 formed Shell-Mex Limited which marketed products under the "Shell" and

"Eagle" brands in the United Kingdom. In 1929, Shell Chemicals was founded. In 1945 Shell's Danish headquarters in Copenhagen, at the time being used by the Gestapo, was bombed by Royal Air Force Mosquitoes in Operation Carthage.[41]
Around 1952, Shell was the first company to

purchase and use a computer in the Netherlands.[42] The computer, a Ferranti Mark 1*, was assembled and used at the Shell laboratory in Amsterdam. In 1970 Shell acquired the mining company Billiton, which it subsequently sold in 1994 and now forms part of BHP Billiton.

Billiton was founded 29 September 1860, when its articles of association were approved by a meeting of shareholders in the Groot Keizershof hotel in The Hague, Netherlands.[10][11] Two months later, the company acquired mineral rights to the Billiton (Belitung) and

Bangka Islands in the Netherlands Indies archipelago off the eastern coast of Sumatra.[10][12]
Billiton's initial ventures included tin and lead smelting in the Netherlands, followed in the 1940s by bauxite mining in Indonesia and Suriname.[13] In 1970, Shell acquired Billiton.

[10][14] Billiton opened a tin smelting and refining plant in Phuket, Thailand, named Thaisarco (for Thailand Smelting And Refining Company, Limited).[15]
In 1994, South Africa's Gencor Ltd. acquired the mining division of Billiton excluding the downstream metal division. Gencor

has its origins as the General Mining and Finance Corporation (GMFC) formed in Johannesburg in December 1895.[1]:121 It would control the Witwatersrand mining business of George and Leopold Albu.[1]:121 It controlled mines such as Meyer and Charlton, Van Ryn Gold Mines Estate,

New Steyn Estate Gold Mine and West Rand Consolidated Mines.[1]:121 After Sir George Werner Albu's death in 1963, a majority interest was purchased by Federale Mynbou Bepark (FEDMYN).[1]:121 This purchase created the first Afrikaner owned mining corporation.

The company was founded in 1974 as Marc Rich & Co. AG by commodity traders Marc Rich and Pincus Green. In 1993, a number of Marc Rich employees, led by Claude Dauphin, left to set up another trading company, Trafigura.[15][16] In 1994, after failing to take control of the zinc

market and losing $172 million, Rich was forced[17][18] to sell his majority share in the company to Glencore International, the commodities trading and industrial company.[19] Glencore's name is an abbreviation of "Global Energy Commodity Resources". ABC Radio reported in 2005

that Glencore "has been accused of illegal dealings with rogue states: apartheid South Africa, USSR, Iran, and Iraq under Saddam Hussein", and has a "history of busting UN embargoes to profit from corrupt or despotic regimes".[21] Specifically, the CIA found that Glencore had

paid $3,222,780 in illegal kickbacks to obtain oil in the course of the UN oil-for-food programme for Iraq. The company denied these charges, according to the CIA report quoted by ABC. In 2005, proceeds from an oil sale to Glencore were seized as fraudulent gains as part of an

investigation into corruption in the Democratic Republic of Congo.[23]
In 2007, Nikanor was merged into Katanga in a transaction valued at US$3.3 billion.[24]
In May 2011, the company launched an IPO which valued the business at US$61 billion[25] and created five new

billionaires.[26] Trading was limited to institutional investors for the first week and private investors were not allowed to buy shares until 24 May 2011. In a June 2018 "debt-for-equity swap",[73] Glencore's Katanga Mining Ltd. agreed to a recapitalization plan involving a

US$5.6 billion debt write-off and a $150 million payment to the Congolese state mining company Gécamines. On 5 November 2017, the Paradise Papers, a set of confidential electronic documents relating to offshore investment, revealed that Glencore loaned $45 million to Israeli

billionaire Dan Gertler in exchange for his help with officials of the Democratic Republic of Congo in negotiations over a joint venture with state-owned Gécamines at the Katanga copper mine, in which one of the board members was Glencore major shareholder Telis Mistakidis.

Glencore, which had effectively taken over Katanga, agreed to vote for the joint venture.

The Congo was colonized by King Leopold II of Belgium in 1885, and known as Belgian Congo until independence in 1960. The Democratic Republic of the Congo is the second largest country by area on the African continent, and is one of the most mineral-rich countries in the world.

It produces many of the free world's minerals, such as 75% of the free world's cobalt and 70% of the diamonds.[6] The United States acquired a large stake in these abundant natural resources and used uranium from mines in the Congo to manufacture the atomic bombs used in

Hiroshima and Nagasaki Though the CIA denies involvement in the assassination of Lumumba, documents have been released, disclosing information pertaining to the plan of trying to poison Lumumba. This poisoning was discussed as early as November 1962, according to a declassified

memo by the CIA.[33] The memo discloses that an agent, name redacted but suspected to be Devlin, had advised "Mr. Lyman Kirkpatrick that he had, at one time, been directed by Mr. Richard Bissell to assume responsibility, for a project involving the assassination of Patrice

Lumumba... According to (name redacted), poison was to have been the vehicle as he made reference to having been instructed to see Dr. Sidney Gottlieb in order to procure the appropriate vehicle."[

The directive had come from the CIA Deputy Chief of Plans Dick Bissell, but Devlin wanted to know if it had originated at a higher level, and, if so, how high. "Joe" had been given to understand that it had come from President Dwight D. Eisenhower, but Devlin, to this day, does

not know for sure. Devlin writes (and has said in public speaking engagements) that he felt an assassination would have been "morally wrong" and likely to backfire by working against U.S. interests. In any event, he decided not to act until the day Lumumba was moved to

Katanga (the power hold of one of his many enemies in the country and home to a man who publicly called for his scalp). The CIA, regardless of Devlin's hesitancy, was never able to successfully carry out one of its assassination plans.

The CIA also launched a massive PR campaign to denounce Lumumba and to promote Mobutu. The overall program was the largest in CIA history, and it comprised activities dealing with regime change (promoting Motubu and others), political action, propaganda (denouncing Lumumba as a

communist and staging mobs/riots/protests against him), air and marine operations, and arms interdiction. By the end of the operation, the CIA had spent almost $12 million to accomplish the Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Johnson's administrations' objectives to establish a pro-Western

leadership in the Congo that they backed for over three decades. The United Nations Peacekeepers provided tactical support to Congolese forces and mercenaries fighting the insurgents. The Congolese Air Force only existed because of U.S. support and assistance.