Where is L91 located in the spike? In NTD (blue), which it pretty far from the RBD (green) that interacts with the ACE2 receptor.
But it is also predicted to bind to the receptor itself! Isn’t that why people think the spike is toxic, as it interferes with ACE2 signaling?
4/5
Also, even if that WAS the mechanism of IVM action, you would need it to be present in the blood in significant concentrations, which is NOT possible with a weekly dosing regimen, as IVM half life is 18 hours.
5/5
Finally, let me remind you that this is just a computer modeling study and that we did not get any experimental confirmation of these predictions. But they are largely irrelevant anyways, for the reasons outlined above.
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@SharriMarkson have you heard about Australian self-disseminating vaccine efforts mentioned in the above paper?
Also, doesn’t WIV long-time collaborator Linfa Wang work in Australia? Maybe you could talk to him.
I mean SARS2 already exhibits signs of cold adaptation which is a hallmark of vaccine attenuation (to make it prefer the upper respiratory tract, infection in which is less likely to be severe of fatal):
IVM’s 80% efficacy vs. vaccine 95% efficacy means that 5 TIMES more people would get sick using IVM for prophylaxis than vaccinated people in the same period.
Also, those 80% and 95% are not identical, as the time periods in which vaccines were evaluated are MUCH longer.
1/6
Most IVM trials lasted a few weeks while the vaccine trials lasted for months.
Also, if you look at the vaccine efficacy graph above, you will see that after the first 14 days when most of the infections in the vax group happen, the vax curve remains almost flat!
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Which means that after the initial 14 days after the jab — which is the time it takes for your immune system to start generating adequate protection — the protection offered by a vaccine is closer to 99% levels.
3/6
So @Daoyu15 pointed to this great preprint that once again confirmed that RaTG13 doesn't bind well to bat ACE2. The beauty of this work is that it tested ACE2 of the very species RaTG13 was allegedly sampled from, R. affinis.
As this figure shows, RaTG13 is really bad at binding to R. affinis bat ACE2. Even the T403R mutation that makes it bind really well to human ACE2 is helpless when it comes to R. affinis ACE2. Weird? Weird.
3/6
What is even more weird is how well it binds to human ACE2. Sure it's no champ like SARS2 but RaTG13 binds to human ACE2 just 1/2 as well (100k cells/well), which is also about 8x better than SARS2 does to R. affinis ACE2 (12k cells/well) (see above fig.)
Another rabbit hole on the topic of SARS2 as a potential pan-coronavirus vaccine candidate. This time it was prompted by @gdemaneuf pointing out several papers that say SARS2 spike might bind not just to ACE2 but also to the MERS receptor, DPP4.
1/3
There have been several papers just after the outbreak of SARS2 that hypothesized that it could also invade immune system cells via DPP4 receptor, mostly based on in silico modeling. Then a couple papers reported that in actual experiments it doesn’t and this topic died down
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But even if it doesn’t bind to the MERS receptor, the presence of those residues in its spike is intriguing, as they could come from someone trying to make it bind and/or trying to generate neutralizing antibodies against those key residues with a goal of neutralizing MERS.
3/4