1) Industry-University-Research Solidarity and Cooperation (from the Korean plan)
To stay ahead in the battery industry governments are recognizing the importance of investing in early stage research on next-gen tech, but more importantly having industry and academia collaborate
1b) We see this globally, in the U.K. you have the Faraday Battery Challenge and @FaradayInst.
In the U.S. the DoE has been pivotal in developing next gen tech through @ARPAE.
In Japan the Battery Association for Supply Chain.
2) Using public money to incentivize private investment
Government money on the table brings private investment! In Europe, 7b euros of state aid has brought in 19.3b euros of private investment so far. The US, the ATVM loan program will do the same.
3) Resource security and Sustainability
A common feature across all plans it to secure the raw material supply chain.
In Europe, this includes the EIB backing resource projects in Europe and aboard. The US is also looking to support domestic and overseas supply chains.
3b) But another crucial source of raw materials is from recycling, which is also vital to making the supply chain sustainable.
The battery value chain will never be fully circular, but recycled content requirements in Europe etc are pushing it in the right direction
1. We expect solid-state cells to be adopted in premium EVs first because they will be higher cost than liquid based cells.
2. We expect they could be cheaper by 2033, after this point adoption in non-premium segments accelerates.
3.We modeled EV economics, assuming the increase in range for a given pack size (kWh) would be favored. But if auto's use smaller packs to achieve the same range as liquid based cells, EVs using solid-state cells could be affordable sooner. It will probably be a mix in reality.
At the end of 2020, @BloombergNEF adapted its BattMan model to integrate solid-state cells.
At scale with developed supply chains, solid-state cells could be manufactured for 80% of the cost of liquid cells - with the same cathode.
When optimised they could be 40% cheaper...
A conventional cell is an 60Ah NMC (622) pouch cell manufactured in todays facilities.
Benchmark SSB is 60Ah NMC (622) pouch type solid state battery, produced on manufacturing lines of the same speed as our conventional cell. Using Lithium metal anode foil.