In @NMNH's panel on vicious #climate cycles, I was asked why permafrost is important. Here I'll give my top reasons from carbon to caribou. #1 For millenia, permafrost has been Earth's freezer for ancient C. Permafrost stores more C than global forests; on par w/ fossil fuels. 1/
Reason #2. Permafrost is the backbone of the Arctic. Thaw can trigger sinking or erosion that kills vegetation & makes ground dangerous for travel. The loss of frozen ground means the loss of stability. Travel routes, hunting grounds, animal migration - all unreliable w/ thaw. 2/
Reason #3. If permafrost is the backbone, rivers are the arteries of the Arctic. As permafrost (frozen ground) thaws, rivers are changing in shape, temperature, nutrients, & types of fish. New obstacles threaten boating routes. Water is life. 3/
Reason #4. Permafrost is a contaminant trap. From mercury to arsenic, there is more stored in permafrost than just carbon. As contaminants travel north via atmospheric circulation, they can bind to organic compounds & then get locked away in frozen ground. scientificamerican.com/article/the-ar…
#5. Arctic physical & social infrastructure relies on permafrost. Despite incredible cold region engineering/design, rapid thaw is causing homes to tilt, roads & runways to buckle. This is not a future drill. This is NOW for the ~6 million people living across the Arctic. 5/
#6. When I think of the Arctic, I think of caribou and their importance to Arctic culture. Caribou have incredible migrations & more incredibly (to me) survive on lichen as a primary food source year-round. Permafrost provides the stable land needed for lichen and for caribou. 6/
For all of these reasons, as permafrost continues to thaw, we all lose. Want to help permafrost & the Arctic? If we decarbonize our economy, we will keep some permafrost frozen & its carbon in the ground where it is #climate safe. #ClimateEmergency 7/7
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A wee history lesson on wetlands as wastelands. This philosophy dominated colonialism in the 🇺🇸 as wetlands were seen as a barrier to “building the country”. Early settlers lacked resources to drain wetlands, but this changed w/ the Swamp Land Act passed by Congress in 1849. 1/
States gained the right to sell wetlands, w/ profit intended to fund “dehydration” of the land. This Act decimated wetlands throughout #Louisiana & #Florida but also #Minnesota & #Oregon. It also set the stage for toll-use of canals, privatizing travel in the U.S. 2/
The govt used wetland drainage to attract settlers to push through the “last frontier.” Cultivating drained wetlands was seen as the best option to curb overcrowding in cities and to reduce land disputes. Because of the scale & what was at stake, the US military got involved. 3/
Have a job offer? Need to negotiate but not sure how? Negotiating wisely has long-term $ impacts, yet often is considered a taboo topic. No more! Here I'll share some advice as someone who has sat on both sides. Please share to help out early career colleagues in any field! 1/
Why is negotiating a taboo subject? Many orgs (including universities) have convinced us that we should feel honored & lucky to receive a job offer. I call bullshit. We all worked too hard for that. Rule 1: the minute you have a job offer, you are in the driver's seat. 2/
Also why negotiating is taboo - good negotiators are often described as cunning & shrewd, not "becoming" for women. I call bullshit for the second time. Rule 2: Negotiating is about communication, relationship building, & strategic thinking. These are areas where women excel. 3/
Permafrost thaw is about WAY more than carbon and climate. From impacting caribou to mobilizing mercury and legacy arsenic from gold mining, many thaw impacts are not conceptualized yet let alone understood. Below shows how pockmarks of thaw can consume entire forests. 1/
How can permafrost thaw consume whole forests or trigger landslides? The answer is simple yet so complex. Ground ice. Thaw of ice-rich permafrost causes drama. Peek inside permafrost to view gorgeous ice wedges in Alaska's #permafrosttunnel. Stunning. 2/
Ground ice content in the permafrost drives what happens after thaw. Check out this awesome visualization. On the left is what happens when ice-rich permafrost warms up. The literal backbone of the Arctic disappears. 3/
In case you thought Sphagnum was only found in boreal peatlands. This is one of my most favorite discoveries, carved into a Sphagnum hill on Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. I've imagined all sorts of stories....someone loves this place.
My 5 favorite Sphagnum facts: 1) Sphagnum is a genus with >350 species thriving all over the world. 2) Sphagnum is THE most important genus for carbon in the biosphere. Its biomass stores more carbon (once in the atmosphere) than any other genus of life. 2/
Vascular plants have roots to acquire water & nutrients, how can Sphagnum compete? They are master manipulators! Fact 3: As they mature, Sphagnum cells release protons, which lowers adjacent pH & benefits the Sphagnum. Sneaky acid ninjas. 3/
Pimples or pingos? Thoughts on thawing permafrost and explosive craters in Siberia, starting with this nice @BBC_Future article. 1/ bbc.com/future/article…
Pingo means small hill in Inuvialuit (Yakut: bulgunnyakh). For years, permafrost scientists wondered if these explosive craters were the remnants of pingos collapsing (sometimes called ognips). Check out my entire list of favorite permafrost terms. 2/
We often find craters or other forms of collapse from thawing permafrost. @forestecogrp and I flew over this one in NW 🇨🇦. However, what we've seen in Alaska and 🇨🇦 are forms of subsidence/slumping, whereas the craters in Siberia are explosive. 3/
With a lot of debate this week on how models simulate permafrost thaw & climate impacts, I want to explain how we actually MEASURE permafrost change. Follow this thread for the pretty scenes or the weird science. Here is me caught in a surprise ❄️ squall w/ permafrost gear. 1/
The traditional method of monitoring permafrost change is through the trusty frost probe. In this quick video I explain our work on 🔥-permafrost interactions while taking a frost probe measurement. 2/
Below check out a time lapse video of frost probing along one of our transects in the Northwest Territories 🇨🇦. I share these field sites with an array of incredible students & the fabulous @forestecogrp. 3/