Those of my followers that are into crystals may find this interesting...

This is apatite, the calcium phosphate crystal that actually makes up about 70% of human bone! Apatite forms a network of bonds with collagen, which give bone greater impact support/flexibility
When synthesizing bone, the body lays our a framework of collagen proteins that apatite crystals bind to and grow between

It's actually the collagen proteins that determine bone development, which is why damage to the apatite-collagen bond is disastrous
In natural mineral deposits appatite often contain chlorine or flourine ions, whereas in the human body it contains -OH groups

It actually forms the same hexagonal crystal system (molecule geometry) as quartz
This is a photo of the specific hydroxyapatite form found in the body, you can see the resemblance to quartz

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More from @ck_eternity_

18 Jul
Veganism can still cause B12 deficiency even if an individual is taking B12 supplements

This is because in healthy individuals only about 60% of the RDI for B12 can be absorbed per serving, so taking a single supplemental dose per day isn't sufficient
In individuals with gut inflammation issues like IBS, B12 absorption is impaired and can be even lower

Part of the reason most only last 5-10 years max on a vegan diet is because that's how long it takes the average person's liver B12 stores to be completely depleted
If you supplement B12, bioavailability can be increased through sublingual, topical, or injection administration

Methyl-B12 is the most optimal form for most, as it's the activated form used most by the body, and the form found in animal products
Read 5 tweets
13 Jul
Cholesterol levels in the body are regulated separately from dietary cholesterol intake

This means that eating a diet higher or lower in cholesterol does not increase or decrease testosterone

Any hormonal changes that do occur are caused by macro or micro nutrient changes
One of the most notable dietary factors that might actually affect testosterone is fat consumption

This study compared moderate fat consumption to a low-fat diet and found a minor increase with higher fat intake (13% higher total test)
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8942407/
This study also found a decrease in testosterone and other estrogens when dietary fat is restricted
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6538617/

It's not clear whether this occurs as a result of the fat itself, or from another factor
Read 5 tweets
10 Jul
Alcohol is a perfect example of how two substances can interact, even after they are consumed

On it's own alcohol fails to induce severe liver damage when fed to animals as 25-30% of their dietary calories...
However, when it's combined with polyunsaturated fats the animals develop liver scarring and fail to recover even after the alcohol is removed

In a separate group where the polyunsaturated fats are swapped for saturated fats after the alcohol is removed, the liver heals rapidly
Multiple variations of this experiment have been tested with the same results

I've also come across one studying correlating reversal of this liver disease incidence with swapping dietary unsaturated fat for saturated fat
Read 7 tweets
7 Jul
Serotonin plays just as much of a role in promoting adaptability as it does in emotion

Low serotonin states are characterized by ritualistic tendencies, perfectionism, and less openess to new ideas and experiences
Many low-serotonin individuals may still be highly successful at school or work, but without much emotional fulfillment from it

Low serotonin is also commonly seen in anxiety, depression, OCD, and autism, so it's common to experience inner stress despite appearing functional
This "functional depression" also seems to play a role in how suicidal tendencies go unnoticed

All that said, it's important to note that serotonin is NOT the end all be all of depression, and may not even be the primary underlying factor in most mental disorders
Read 4 tweets
22 Jun
REM sleep is characterized by little to no physical movement, but a higher level of mental activity

Non-REM sleep is characterized by more physical movement, but the least amount of mental activity experienced at any point during the day
REM sleep is the more "restful" of the two, and is governed by a variety of neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, GABA, and especially acetylcholine

Lower levels of acetylcholine are seen during aging and seem to parallel decreased ability to enter REM sleep
Acetylcholine governs key aspects of learning, memory, and neuroplasticity, and lower levels of it are also why they implicated in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Dementia

Many neuroprotective herbs/supplements increase acetylcholine by inhibiting its breakdown
Read 4 tweets
18 Jun
The microbiome is a hologram overlaying a bacterial ecosystem
We've known for decades now that bacteria communicate using different light emission, and this is likely one of the purposes for which photoreceptors first evolved

As such, any large mass of bacteria is essentially a three dimensional web of organized light
On top of that, the light that sells emit is coherent light, essentially a laser, as light is captured, organized, and re-emitted by the nucleus

This light is produced as a byproduct of free radical decay, but the nucleus is essential for it to be concentrated enough to emit
Read 6 tweets

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