Research has been documenting an increasing "burden of knowledge" - we are learning so much that it is harder to master a field, so young scientists can be at a disadvantage in both research & entrepreneurship.
By way of illustration: Roche's maps of cellular & metabolic process
Similarly, the age at which scientists or innovators achieve their moment of genius has been increasing. Half of all pioneering experimental contributions in science happen after age 40. This is due in part to the increasing burden of knowledge to master: nber.org/papers/w19866
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If you are an entrepreneur, you have probably engaged with the idea of "lean startups." As academics have begun to study the lean startup in more detail, they have started to uncover both big advantages & some real downsides. I wrote a summary of these: hbr.org/2019/10/what-t…
The good stuff: treating startups as experiments by generating hypotheses and testing them. This is at the heart of lean startup approaches, and several gold-standard randomized studies now show it actually helps startups make more money
A downside: lean startups are biased towards very specific experiments: fast ones with easily measured outcomes. Startups using lean methods are thus less likely to engage in innovation & strategic leaps. (Also, using the Business Model Canvas has risks) sciencedirect.com/science/articl…
Very cool paper that shows the modern formula for having high status tastes: you like every genre (rap and classic rock, comedy & horror) but you only like very particular “high consecration” examples (Kendrick Lamar & Bob Dylan). The chart of consecrated media is worth a look!
You've seen new optical illusions on Twitter. You may not know that they are windows into our brain. 1/
This square is not rotating! This illusion by Caplovitz & Harrison shows how our brains create the perception of motion by integrating tiny movement. weforum.org/agenda/2016/07…
The Perpetual Diamond developed by Flynn & @agshapiro2 never moves. The illusion shows that our brains pay more attention to the edges of objects than its center to infer motion. More in their article: 2/ journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.11…
All of the lines in this illusion have the same gentle curve - really! The curvature blindness illusion by Takahashi suggests that our visual system defaults to seeing edges, given a lack of other information: 3/ journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20…
Humans have always relied on odd sources of randomness as protection🎲
Today: The security of 10% of the internet is secured by a wall of lava lamps watched by a camera to generate true randomness
History: Use of divination allowed us to avoid cognitive traps by adding randomness
Article on why relying on randomness & divination is often better for decision-making: aeon.co/essays/if-you-…
If rules you are using to make decisions are bad (either because they are biased or because you don’t have any information that would allow you to make a decision), than random decisions are better: “What lotteries are very good for is for keeping bad reasons out of decisions.”
A lesson of COVID is that a real danger to humanity comes from "boring apocalypses," where the decay of governmental capability & general dynamism result in a lower ability to adapt. This increases the chance that the next near-miss existential threat may lead to catastrophe. 1/2
This time, fast adaption saved us (Car companies retooled their assembly lines & made 80,000 ventilators! Vaccines developed in record times! Quick moves to remote work!) but also failed by many institutions. Continued decay of those poses a real threat. 2 researchgate.net/publication/32…
Near Non-Boring Apocalypses prompt action. After 9/11, it took two months to create the TSA & less for the Patriot Act, which were (at the time) responses to a potential Non-Boring Apocalypse (chemical, nuclear, bio terrorism). Similar stuff happens after nuclear accidents. 3/
Noise is a remarkably insidious form of pollution: a 10db noise increase (from dishwasher to vacuum) drops productivity by 5%. But the kicker is you don't notice: noise hurts your ability to think, not your effort. You work as hard but do worse! And poorer areas have more noise.
Here's a link to the paper, which makes the point that policy is really needed to regulate noise, since people don't realize how much they are impacted by it, and so don't value quiet as much as they should: joshuatdean.com/wp-content/upl…
Also other forms of pollution also impact cognition in subtle ways. More 👇