@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) Martha was married to Joseph, born 07-08-1900 who was a shoe merchant. They had a daughter Eva, born 25-05-1931 and lived in Dortmund. Probably after 'kristallnacht' they knew they had to leave Germany. Eva is the first. In November 1938 she arrived in the Netherlands.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) She has been in an orphanage but finally gets with friends of the family in The Hague. Evi dreams of becoming a fashion illustrator and refuses to speak a single word of German. She first attends a public school but in 1941 she is no longer allowed to.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) She then had to walk (as she was not allowed to take the tram) to a Jewish school.
The family of a non-Jewish schoolfriend offer her to live with them and pretend she's the sister of her friend. But Eva doesn't dare to accept that. From August 1942 she is in Westerbork.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (4/n) Father Joseph moved in January 1939 to the Netherlands. He's first placed in a small refugee camp but in 1941 moves to Westerbork which was then also still a refugee camp.
Mother Martha comes to the Netherlands in August 1940. Until January 1942 she lives in Enschede.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (5/n) From August 1942 the family 'lives' reunited in Westerbork. As Joseph was 1 of the first in Westerbork (and a German) the family were so-called 'Alt Lagereinsassen'. Those people had certain privileges and were also (in the beginning) protected from deportation.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (6/n) But on 04-09-1944 they go to Theresienstadt with the second to last transport. On 29-09-1944 Joseph is sent to Auschwitz and Martha and Eva on 04-10-1944. Martha and Eva are both gassed on arrival😢
Joseph is selected into the camp he dies 31-03-1945 in Bergen-Belsen.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (7/n) Martha's father, Salomon Schoemann, had survived the war and died in January 1946. In the obituary it says:
'Joseph & Martha Voss, aufenth. unb.'
meaning 'Whereabouts unknown'.
So their family still didn't know what happened to them. 😢
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@AuschwitzMuseum (8/8) Dear Martha, we will remember you and your husband Joseph and your daughter Eva. 😢💔🕯️✡️
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@AuschwitzMuseum (1/n) Zahri, or Salmin, wife of Isaac, born 16-03-1898. They emigrated to Paris in 1935 and had 4 children. In Paris 2 other children were born:
> Andre📷, born 27-05-1927
> Rene📷, born 02-03-1929
> Raymond born 01-07-1931
> Max Paul (1935)
> Nelly (1938)
> Pierre (1940)
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/n) One of the anti Jewish rules in France was that when Jews were standing in a line for a shop they were obliged to let Non-Jews to get before them in the line. 😠This would often led to Jews not being able to buy anything at all.
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/n) Zahri, worried about her family, didn't accept this rule. One day a woman demanded to get in front of her, but she refused. A few days later she heard that the woman informed the authorities and they would come and arrest her.
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(1/8) On 01-06-1931 Bartha Valk (📷on the right) was born in Groningen. She was the daughter of Mozes, born 25-11-1904 and Naatje Valk nee Cohen, born 25-04-1899. She had a sister Jetje, born 28-02-1934.
Mozes settled in Groningen in 1924 and started a pastry shop.
(2/8) In 1927 he married Naatje Cohen. Before the war they lived in Groningen, but on their Jewish Council card is an adres in Amsterdam. This is probably the house (📷2) they had to move to. This street, the Schalk Burgerstraat, was in the so called judenviertel II...
(3/8) ..or Jewishquarter II. On 20-06-1943 was the last big roundup in Amsterdam. Because previous raids had insufficient results, the German occupier decided to prepare this raid in secret. Early in the morning this neighbourhood was completely closed.
@AuschwitzMuseum (1/8) Sara or Serka was married to Moses. Before the war they lived in Oleszyce, Poland. They have 5 children. In 1928 Moses left to settle in Antwerp. In October he submits an application for family reunification in which he declares "I can meet their needs".
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@AuschwitzMuseum (2/8) Serka and the children are allowed to travel to Belgium in 1929.
(📷1929) Derma and the children:
> Sonia Laja, born in 1922
> Hudes (Lisa), born in 1925
> Munisz born in 1929
> Beile Rachel (Bertha), born in 1927
> Abraham Aron (Bram), born in 1924
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@AuschwitzMuseum (3/8) In 1933 their youngest child Jozef is born in Berchem.
In May 1940 oldest son Abraham moves to Portugal. Through letters Abraham keeps in touch with his family. The correspondence also shows the unrest and despair within the family.
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(1/7) On 26-05-1939 Clara Velleman was born in Roermond. She was the daughter of Maurits (Max), a textile merchant, born 19-02-1907 and Rebecca Velleman nee Cardozo, born 01-06-1909.
Clara had 2 older sisters:
> Esther, born 11-05-1935
> Marianna, born 03-09-1936
(2/7) The family lived in Eindhoven in this house, on the Distelstraat 24.
The following story is from miss Bovenchen, who lived in the same street and played with the girls:
On Nr. 30 in this street lived a NSB-sympathizer.
(The NSB was a fascist party in the Netherlands.)
(3/7) That man knew there was a Jewish woman, with her daughter, hiding at the house of the Bovenchen family. But, the man did not bother the Velleman family, nor the Jewish woman in hiding.
(1/10) On 24-05-1892 Catharina Godefroi, or Cato as she was called, was born in Amsterdam. She married in 1922, at the age of 30, to Dolf de Levita, born 23-06-1868.
They lived in Amsterdam.
In 1923 they had their first child, Frank. He had a brain disease and was blind.
(2/10) He died very young. When David, their 2nd son, was born in 1926 their joy knew no bounds and they really spoiled the boy. On 19-01-1928 son Frans was born and on 19-05-1931 Henri.
In 1934 Dolf died of a heart attack.
(3/10) She then took care of the children ánd took a job as a diamond worker. A profession that entailed having to live in highly variable financial circumstances.
They were depending on the economic situation of the moment increasing or decreasing the need for diamonds.
(1/8) Amsterdam, 11-05-1937. Lea Judith de la Penha was born on this day. She was the daughter of David, a wallpaperer, born 12-08-1909 and Judith de la Penha nee Rodrigues Parreira, a tailor, born 27-09-1903.
They used to live in Amsterdam!
(2/8) This picture was probable made in 1939 while they were visiting friends, the Neehus family, during Christmas.
Because David expected to be deported very soon, he gave this book to the family.
(3/8) In the book David wrote a message.
It says:
"For our friends Bets, Willem and Liesje Neehus.
In memory of our pleasant and many years of friendship.
On our exodus to Germany.
Judith, Lea en David de La Penha.
Amsterdam 27-07-1942."