Among all the things that were said in the Supreme Court today in the #Pegasus case, this from Shyam Divan really hit home. Especially since Mr. Divan is representing my uncle @JagdeepChhokar.
2. Remember that apart from protectors of democracy like him, people targeted for surveillance in this case were Parliamentarians, Journalists & judges.
This is an attack from one pillar of democracy,the Executive,against the other three (Legislature, Media and Judiciary).
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So, the Supreme Court must step in to protect the republic and democracy in this country.
We cannot trust the executive, or its agencies, to investigate itself. Perhaps we need the legislature - with more from the opposition, to investigate.
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3. Surveillance reform is critical for the functioning of a healthy democracy in India. It impacts the ability of the opposition to function. Our surveillance and intelligence agencies are accountable only to our bureaucracy and the politicians in power. This needs to change.
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So what can we do? We need to draw from the Right to Privacy judgment.
4a. Surveillance must be back by law. We need a bill, and @ManishTewari in 2011 had proposed one. Needs an update.
4b. It must be necessary - for this "National security" threats need to be defined, and we
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cant have a one-size fits all definition of national security. There needs to be gradation of threat levels.
4c. There needs to be "proportionality". We need permissible actions to be based on these graded credible threat perception. Not political objectives. Not whims.
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Not vendetta. Not elections. Not for criticism of electoral bonds. Not for trying to find sources of journalists. Not for trying to take control of the judiciary.
4d. Snooping orders need to get judicial approval based on these principles. Maybe like a FISA court?
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4e. There needs to be accountability of intelligence agencies. To a bipartisan political committee in Parliament. It should have more members of the opposition. Perhaps respected senior politicians, selected by Parliamentarians, independent of the executive.
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4f. There should be a declassification period, with sensitive information redacted. Sunlight is a disinfectant. Perhaps transparency will bring in some accountability.
None of these solutions are perfect. What is clear is that we need to discuss Surveillance reform and
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move forward from here. Will the government want to move forward? I don't think so. The judiciary needs to step in.
I don't think a govt investigation will help here. A judiciary appointed committee might take years. The issue will die down. Parliamentary probe might not.
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#pegasus 🧵
There is nothing shocking or surprising about governments spying using Pegasus. We've known about Pegasus since at least 2016. First known use in India that we know about was in Bhima Koregaon spying, allegedly by Indian govt. A few points for your consideration:
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1. A govt has used it to spy: Pegasus is sold only to govts. So it would follow that it has been used by a govt against ministers, journalists, opposition leaders, supreme court judges, and many others. This is essentially an attack on our freedoms in india.
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2. Pegasus, once installed on our phones, is used to extract all communications (iMessage, WhatsApp, Gmail, Viber, Facebook, Skype) and locations. Remember that content on your phone itself is not secure.
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I have a slightly unusual take on the Indian government / @GoI_MeitY 's threat to remove intermediary status for @Twitter if it doesn't comply with the Rules.
Thread 👇 1. An intermediary is an entry which is merely a platform for you & me to publish / transfer info. It does
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Not modify the content, so isn't liable. So if I defame you on Twitter, you can't hold Twitter responsible. Unless, under India law, you have actual knowledge. Now the Indian Supreme Court said, on March 24th 2015, that actual Knowledge = court order or govt order.
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2. Thus, if Intermediary status is removed, Twitter is liable for this hypothetical defamation suit. Expand that to millions of potentially defamatory tweets, and Twitter won't survive it. So removing intermediary status is a very serious threat. They might as well shut down.
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So WhatsApp has sued the Indian government for imposing the IT Rules 2021. This is probably the most significant privacy case in India, ever since the Right to Privacy case.
Thread on what this is about:
1. WhatsApp uses end to end encryption. This doesn't just mean that they don't know what is in our messages. It also means that they don't know who has sent what message.
The only time they can see the content of the message is when someone marks it as spam,in which case the
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user who has marked it as spam unencrypts it for WhatsApp to see.
2. The IT Rules force WhatsApp to change this: the govt has said that it wants WhatsApp to identify the originator of a message (but doesn't want the message content). When this is for law enforcement
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Seeing lots of tweets suggesting that Twitter & Facebook might be banned tomorrow after IT Rules 2021 come into effect.
Some news entities irresponsibility playing on this with alarmist clickbait headlines too indiatoday.in/technology/new…
This is wrong. I'll explain:
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1. IT Rules 2021 are coming into effect tomorrow, and even if the deadline won't get extended, the Govt is unlike to enforce all the provisions & hold platforms to account unless it really needs to, because the platforms could then move court to challenge the guidelines.
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The govt wouldn't want to give platforms reason to go to court because these rules are so majorly unconstitutional that they won't want to risk embarassment in courts. The rules are already being challenged on such grounds btw. Need more.
So, a thread with some context on the Government of India asking Twitter to remove the "Manipulated Media" tag on Sambit Patra's tweet. Story here: medianama.com/2021/05/223-sa…
1. There's no official statement, no copy of the letter sent, but news agencies like ANI and PTI are
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reporting it quoting anonymous sources so there seems to be a selective leak. What stops MEITY from publishing its correspondence anyway? Not clear. We'll file RTI's anyway.
2. The government can object all it wants, but exactly what part of India's IT Act allows them to have
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this "manipulated media" tag removed? None. Twitter can tag whatever it wants, whoever it wants, whenever it wants. It's their platform. Govt can only request, not order for the tag to be removed AFAIK.
3. There is a suggestion from the ANI tweets that as per MEITY,this puts
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So, some thoughts on the deplatforming of Kangana Ranaut by Twitter.
1. This is probably the first instance where Twitter has deplatformed a significant (and politically active) user in the country. It creates for an interesting debate.
2. Indian politicians were worried:
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In January 2021, @Tejasvi_Surya had raised concerns about Twitter's exercise of such power when Donald Trump had been deplatformed. He had called for amendments to India's approach to Intermediary Liability to address such situations. 2/ medianama.com/2021/01/223-bj…
This is a wake-up call to the threat to democracies posed by “unregulated big tech companies”, he said. “If they can do this to POTUS, they can do this to anyone”.
Platform regulation has been an important issue for him. He's also on the Parliamentary